“…The abundant water within hydrogels may impede intimate contact between the polymeric network and the adherend surface, weakening the adhesion performance. , Moreover, the swelling of hydrogel further reduces the interaction within the adhesive interface . Recently, inspired by marine organisms like mussel, barnacle, and sandcastle worm, great progress has been achieved in strong and universal wet adhesion. − Especially, mussel-inspired hydrogels present strong underwater adhesion via catechol chemistry, mainly including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic forces, metal coordination, and π–π/cation–π interactions. − Various catechol or polyphenol species, such as dopamine, tannic acid (TA), and gallic acid (GA), and their derivatives have been decorated into a polymer network of hydrogels by different methods including bulk integration and surface modification strategies. − Meanwhile, biocidal moieties were usually loaded to meet the antibacterial needs in adhesive-bonded interfaces. − It is worth mentioning that the incorporation of some functional nanoparticles also imparts antioxidant properties to the hydrogel. − Notably, compared with the conventional methods of fabricating bulk adhesive hydrogels, , the generating strategies, such as anchoring thin adhesive polymeric coatings, assembling a soft armor-like hydrophobic surface, and natural sedimentation of adhesive nanoparticles, can endow the hydrogel surfaces with high-density adhesion moieties in a high catechol “atom economy” manner, while keeping the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the original hydrogel network intact . However, these methods used to functionalize the hydrogel surface with adhering properties commonly involve complicated fabrication procedures or uncontrolled operation.…”