Multifunctional Magnetoplasmonic Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Multifunctional magnetoplasmonic (Au-Fe x O y ) nanomaterials are characterized by some features of iron oxide and gold, such as surface chemistry, special optical properties, and superparamagnetic properties, which have helped to draw much attention to their biomedical applications. In this review, the state of the art of this rapidly developing field is described. We review the developments in different approaches to integrating the magnetic and plasmonic properties in a single nanoparticle with different morphological traits. Specific plasmonic and magneto-optical properties of magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles are explained; this information should shed light on the future development of multifunctional magnetoplasmonic nanomaterials. We also review cytotoxicity of magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles by in vitro and in vivo studies. With the multifunctional properties of magnetoplasmonic nanomaterials, a variety of applications such as biosensor, bioseparation, multimodal imaging, and therapeutics is possible and is highlighted here, in addition to outlining the future trends and perspectives of these sophisticated nanocomposites.

Janus plasmonic–magnetic gold–iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents for multimodal imaging

“…Diverse nanoparticle morphologies have been reported which combine gold with other nanomaterials, including not only iron oxide but also quantum dots, up-converting nanoparticles, and others. [12][13][14][15] In the case of gold-iron oxide nanoparticles, most of them correspond to core-shell iron oxide-gold structures, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] but other morphologies include core-satellite, 24,25 heterodimers (also called dumbbells), [26][27][28] or larger polymeric and silica embedded assemblies. 29,30 Each morphology presents different features, including stability in biological media, easy access of water to the iron oxide surface that increases magnetic relaxivity, or higher magnetic or plasmonic activity.…”

“…The use of compact nanoparticles prevents, for example, clearance through the liver and spleen and can help achieve higher penetration in cancer tissues while retaining structural integrity until the biomedical function is achieved. 1,15,22 Janus nanoparticles (with two chemically different surface regions) have emerged as exceptional candidates toward many technological and biomedical applications. Their strong interaction with interfaces has been used e.g.…”

Fe₃O₄<em>@</em>Au composite magnetic nanoparticles modified with cetuximab for targeted magneto-photothermal therapy of glioma cells

“…28,29 As a form of multifunctional magnetoplasmonic nanomaterials, the nanoparticles combining Au and magnetic materials inherit from the two components excellent surface chemistry, special optical properties, and superparamagnetic properties, all of which would greatly enhance the potential and broaden the practical applications of such nanomaterials. 30 Advances in the area of nanotechnology have contributed to the development of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In vivo MFH is expected to be one of the best solutions for destroying tumor cells that are deeply seated and localized inside the human body for unlimited tissue penetration and the possibility of multiple hyperthermia cycles.…”

Synthesis of graphene through direct decomposition of CO2 with the aid of Ni–Ce–Fe trimetallic catalyst

“…Moreover, cerium has been reportedly used in the chemical oxidation of graphene to facilitate production [15]. However, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of more than one metal have attracted a great deal of attention because of their unique electronic and catalytic properties [16,17]. The superior catalytic activity of multimetallic NP-based catalysts in comparison with monometallic catalysts is believed to be due to the interplay between the electronic and lattice effects of the metal mixture [18,19].…”