Multifunctional Optoelectronic Device Based on Resistive Switching Effects

Abstract

Optoelectronic resistive switching devices, utilizing optical and electrical hybrid methods to control the resistance states, offer several advantages of both photons and electrons for high-performance information detecting, demodulating, processing, and memorizing. In the past decades, optoelectronic resistive switching devices have been widely discussed and studied due to the potential for parallel information transmission and processing. In this chapter, recent progresses on the optoelectronic resistive switching mechanism, materials, and devices will be introduced. Then, their performance such as photoresponsivity, on/off ratio, as well as retention will be investigated. Furthermore, possible applications of the optoelectronic resistive switching considering logic, memory, neuromorphic, and image-processing devices will be summarized. In the end, the challenges and possible solutions of optoelectronic resistive switching devices for the next-generation information technology will be discussed and prospected. Recent Development in Optoelectronic Devices 28high potential for integrating processor and memory together, which eliminates the bottleneck between memory and processor in the modern von Neumann-computing architecture, thus allowing high parallel data processing [21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, the electronic memristor-based architecture still has bandwidth limitation in high-frequency data communicating between different modulators.The combination of photons and memristor-based circuits will integrate the advantages of photons in a high-speed data transmission and memristors in parallel in-memory computing and may open up a new era for future computing owing to the high bandwidth and lowpower consumption. Moreover, the optoelectronic-based memristive system will extend the application of memristor-based architecture to image or visual information processing. As shown in Figure 2, with the increasing demands of mobile computing in human daily life, wearable devices, health-care devices, and human-machine interacting devices including intelligent image sensor, video monitor, invisible touch screen, electronic eyes, wearable heart or blood monitoring and display devices, smart processor, and even brain-implantable devices will be more and more important for an efficient and comfortable way for our better life, body health, daily work, and communication [27][28][29][30][31][32]. The optoelectronic memristor-based architecture, wherein both photons and electrons are used for parallel data processing and communicating between input-output (I/O) devices and the in-memory processor, may provide such a platform for the mobile computing.In this chapter, recent developments on optoelectronic memristor materials and devices, and applications including logic, memory, memristor, and neuromorphic devices will be summarized, then their capability in future optoelectronic on-chip interconnection, in-memory computing, brain-inspired computing, and visual information processing will be evaluated. Figure 2. Possible opto...

From fundamentals to frontiers: a review of memristor mechanisms, modeling and emerging applications

“…In-memory computing of the future will use electrical and optical signals as inputs and device current as output in logic gates, so novel memory that integrates with other functions, such as arithmetic and demodulation, is a crucial building block. 136 On top of the fact that photonic memristors can have their memory characteristics tweaked, this is a significant advantage. Two light sources (blue and green) along with wavelength and light intensity could reach four memory states in ITO/CeO 2 x /AlO y /Al devices with the physical mechanism, allowing for the storage and transmission of information in 8-bit codes.…”

Electromagnetic Field in Advancing Science and Technology

“…Recognizing the electric charge as energy of electrical potential, it is possible to find plausible explanations of newly discovered phenomena in the fields of thermoelectric and photoelectric effects [46][47][48]. It will be summarized in this section such plausible explanations.…”

“…With the execution of specific experiments and development of technology, more charged objects were known like the popular electrostatic bottles, as shown in Figure 3 [43,44]. It is very impressive how they can be charged and how they can be discharged in just a small fraction of a second, electric current, I, traveling through the air and producing a spark, light, and sound, and then it came the "famous" Benjamin Franklin's kite, as shown in Figure 3E, [44,45], and then the whole of the early history of the research on charged clouds and their ways of discharging [46][47][48] mainly into ground or to a tree, or to a church bell (metallic), or on another nearby cloud. During discharge, electric current will travel from the cloud to ground and from ground to cloud, or from cloud to cloud producing, not always, light and sound.…”

“…Compared to the aggressiveness of the electric field-induced resistive switching process, where there is possibility for the devices to undergo an irreversible dielectric breakdown under high electric fields, the optical pulse approach is a much gentler programming procedure and would disregard the possibility of permanently damaging the memristive properties of the device by converting it to an Ohmic material during the switching process. The light-induced resistive switching phenomena would also diminish the occurrence of crosstalk in complex integrated technologies, especially the neuromorphic computing architectures inspired by human brain (Figure 7) [46]. Apart from that, the ability of the optically-induced resistive switching devices to store information when the device switches between stable resistance states with discriminate resistance values, mainly high resistance state (HRS) and the low resistance state (LRS), makes such devices an integral part of the ultra-modern memory technologies.…”

“…The absorption of light photons will generate charge carriers inside the material, forming a conductive bridge, thus changing the resistance state of the device. (Reproduced from[46]. )…”