Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics

Shakeri, Shahryar; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Zarrabi, Ali; Roghanian, Rasoul; Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour; Pardakhty, Abbas; Mohammadinejad, Reza; Kumar, Anuj; Thakur, Vijay Kumar

doi:10.3390/biomedicines8010013

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…Chitosan with amino groups is soluble at low pH and insoluble at high pH. It also has good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, and it can be readily modified for delivering drugs and bioactive compounds [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Owing to these properties, chitosan is widely used in colon-targeted drug delivery formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Chitosan–Alginate Microparticles for Delivery of Mangostins to the Colon Area Using Box–Behnken Experimental Design

Mulia

Singarimbun

Krisanti

2020

IJMS

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Chitosan-alginate microparticles loaded with hydrophobic mangostins present in the mangosteen rind extract have been formulated and optimized for colon-targeted bioactive drug delivery systems. The chitosan–mangostin microparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method with sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linking agent of chitosan. The chitosan–mangostin microparticles were then encapsulated in alginate with calcium chloride as the linking agent. The mangostin release profile was optimized using the Box–Behnken design for response surface methodology with three independent variables: (A) chitosan–mangostin microparticle size, (B) alginate:chitosan mass ratio, and (C) concentration of calcium chloride. The following representative equation was obtained: percent cumulative release of mangostins (10 h) = 59.51 − 5.16A + 20.00B − 1.27C − 1.70AB − 5.43AC − 5.04BC + 0.0579A2 + 10.25B2 + 1.10C2. Cumulative release of 97% was obtained under the following optimum condition for microparticle preparation: chitosan–mangosteen particle size < 100 µm, alginate:chitosan mass ratio of 0.5, and calcium chloride concentration of 4% w/v. The alginate to chitosan mass ratio is the statistically significant variable in the optimization of sequential release profile of mangostins in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Furthermore, a sufficient amount of alginate is necessary to modify the chitosan microparticles and to achieve a complete release of mangostins. The results of this work indicate that the complete release of mangostins to the colon area can be achieved using the chitosan–alginate microparticles as the bioactive delivery system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Chitosan–Alginate Microparticles for Delivery of Mangostins to the Colon Area Using Box–Behnken Experimental Design

Mulia

Singarimbun

Krisanti

2020

IJMS

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“…The advent of engineered tunable NPs, with sizes in the magnitude of a billionth of a meter, has opened doors to possible therapeutic applications and proposed as a novel approach, to solving the unaddressed problem of improving the transport of biologically active substances across the BBB [ 12 , 112 ]. NPs, being in the scale of 1 and 100 nm, possess peculiar physico-chemical properties with the capacity for modification [ 14 ]. NPs are therefore good candidates as drug carriers, due to their small size and consequently large surface area to volume ratio, which would allow the drugs carried to be closer to the surface of the NPs, leading to a faster rate of drug release and higher bioavailability [ 113 ].…”

Section: Nanoparticle-based Cns Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible structures 1–100 nm in size that can be fabricated from a variety of materials including polymers, metals, lipids, and crystals [ 13 ]. NPs, owing to their size, behave differently from bulk materials and possess unique properties including the ability to carry a drug payload, high stability in blood, low immunogenicity, high biodegradability and the potential for modification of surface properties [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders

Sim

Tarini

Dheen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.

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“…Natural polymer-based NPs have also been studied extensively for the enhanced drug delivery into the brain owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility [ 179 ]. Among the various natural polymers, polysaccharide-based NPs have promising properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stabilization of entrapped molecules, controlled drug release, prolonged blood circulation time, easiness of surface functionalization, and their ability to target the BBB and brain cells for the treatment of neuroinflammation [ 180 , 181 ].…”

Section: Various Nanocarriers Containing Natural Compounds For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.

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Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics

Cited by 96 publications

References 244 publications

Optimization of Chitosan–Alginate Microparticles for Delivery of Mangostins to the Colon Area Using Box–Behnken Experimental Design

Optimization of Chitosan–Alginate Microparticles for Delivery of Mangostins to the Colon Area Using Box–Behnken Experimental Design

Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders

The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation

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