Multifunctional temperature‐responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond

Abstract

The versatility and applicability of thermoresponsive polymeric systems have led to great interest and a multitude of publications. Of particular significance, multifunctional poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) systems based on PNIPAAm copolymerized with various functional comonomers or based on PNIPAAm combined with nanomaterials exhibiting unique properties. These multifunctional PNIPAAm systems have revolutionized several biomedical fields such as controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, self‐healing materials, and beyond (e.g., environmental treatment applications). Here, we review these multifunctional PNIPAAm‐based systems with various cofunctionalities, as well as highlight their unique applications. For instance, addition of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers can allow for polymer lower critical solution temperature modification, which is especially helpful for physiological applications. Natural comonomers with desirable functionalities have also drawn significant attention as pressure surmounts to develop greener, more sustainable materials. Typically, these systems also tend to be more biocompatible and biodegradable and can be advantageous for use in biopharmaceutical and environmental applications. PNIPAAm‐based polymeric nanocomposites are reviewed as well, where incorporation of inorganic or carbon nanomaterials creates synergistic systems that tend to be more robust and widely applicable than the individual components. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48770.

Vorbeugen oder Heilen – die beispiellose Notwendigkeit von selbstberichtenden Materialien

“…B. zu ¾nderungen des Aggregatzustands,der Farbe und der Sprçdigkeit führen, weshalb der Einfluss der Te mperatur und das Anpassungsverhalten des Materials unbedingt berücksichtigt werden müssen. [58][59][60][61] Tatsächlich wurden verschiede-ne wärmeempfindliche Materialien durch die Synthese von Verbundwerkstoffen/Polymeren/Hydrogelen entwickelt (z. B. Poly(N-substituierte (Meth)acrylamide), Polyoxazoline,P olyether,P olycaprolactone,P olyphosphazene oder Polypeptide), [62] die eine untere oder obere kritische Lçsungstemperatur (LCST bzw.U CST), eine thermochrome Komponente, ein temperaturabhängiges Selbstorganisationsverhalten oder thermoresponsive Additive wie (Leuko-)Farbstoffe,Q uantenpunkte oder anorganische thermochrome Komplexe aufweisen.…”

The Study of pH Effects on Phase Transition of Multi-Stimuli Responsive P(NiPAAm-co-AAc) Hydrogel Using 2D-COS

“…Smart polymers are very attractive materials in the field of biological applications because they show sharp phase transition changes with various stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, humidity, and so on [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, single-stimuli responsive polymers are not always easy to apply in the body where various conditions exist, such as temperature, pH, ionic concentration, electricity, and so on [ 6 , 7 ]. Thus, a multi-stimuli responsive polymer becomes an attractive polymer to accomplish the desired result in a complex physiological microenvironment [ 6 , 7 ].…”

“…However, single-stimuli responsive polymers are not always easy to apply in the body where various conditions exist, such as temperature, pH, ionic concentration, electricity, and so on [ 6 , 7 ]. Thus, a multi-stimuli responsive polymer becomes an attractive polymer to accomplish the desired result in a complex physiological microenvironment [ 6 , 7 ]. It has broad applications such as biomimetics, drug delivery, soft actuators and robots, functional materials for 4D printing, etc.…”

“…Therefore, the PNiPAAm-based polymer basically undergoes a phase transition in respond to changes in an external temperature. PNiPAAm has been modified with a number of polymers for a variety of applications [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Shieh et al [ 13 ] successfully synthesized a temperature-, pH-, and CO 2 -responsive PNiPAAm-based random copolymer, which is copolymerized with acrylic acid (AAc).…”

Synthesis of amino‐cosubstituted polyorganophosphazenes and fabrication of their nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

“…[5,6] The polymeric biomaterials are considered suitable due to their easy processability, reasonable price, and easy availability with appropriate physicochemical, mechanical, interfacial, and biomimetic properties in comparison to the other biomaterials. [7][8][9][10][11] Polymeric materials are able to form a wide range of different nanoparticulate structures, which can improve the therapeutic capability to fulfill the demands of modern medicine to cure different diseases such as cancer. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The polymeric nanoparticles have played a significant role in the development of more effective drug delivery systems.…”