The objective of the study is review and analyze scientific publications devoted to the problems of stroke, its relationship with the most common mutations in the MTHFR gene and their individual allelic variants and serum homocysteine levels.Materials and methods. Analyzing foreign and domestic publications, the relationship of the strongest mutations in the MTHFR gene with an increase in the level of serum homocysteine, which is a predictor of the development of vascular accidents, including acute circulatory disorders of the brain, was revealed.Results. Stroke is a socially significant disease. All risk factors for acute cerebral stroke are subdivided into modifiable and non-modifiable. To a non-modifiable factor that predisposes to the development of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, hereditary factors, including genetic mutations in a number of genes. MTHFR is a genome carrying individual allelic variants that can affect the level of homocysteine in blood serum, causing it to increase, and hyperhomocysteinemia, according to a number of studies, is a likely predictor of diseases of the cardiovascular system, including severe cerebrovascular accidents. At the same time, a large number of studies use the services of the protective role of reducing the elevated level of serum homocysteine using various forms of folic acid and B vitamins. The authors of the article attempted to process, analyze and summarize the data of modern research issues on the topic under consideration.Conclusions. The relationship between the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the most common mutations in the MTHFR gene has been revealed. Hyperhomocysteinemia, separate and developing as a result of these mutations, is an independent risk factor for the development of acute cerebral ischemia. Normalization of elevated serum homocysteine levels is required for all patients as stroke prevention, and includes not only the use of foods enriched with folic acid, but also pharmacological correction of folates and B vitamins.
