Multilevel predictors of smoking initiation among adolescents: Findings from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) study

Abstract

Objective To understand how factors at multiple levels of influence impact adolescent smoking initiation. Method Data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort, a population-based cohort, were analyzed. Adolescents were recruited from randomly selected geopolitical units (GPUs) in Minnesota at ages 12 to 13 (n=1,953), and were surveyed every six months (2000–2006) until 18. The association between baseline social factors and smoking initiation was analyzed using logistic regression. Linear regression was used to analyze predictors and age of initiation among smokers (n=603). Results Higher proportion of 15–16 year-olds who smoke at the area-level (GPU) was associated with younger initiation (15.47 vs 15.87, p<.05). Higher proportion of the population employed and higher median household income were associated with older initiation (15.90 vs. 15.56 p<.05). Parent education, living with parents or siblings who smoke, living in homes that allow smoking, and having friends who smoke at baseline were associated with smoking initiation or younger initiation (p<.05). Participants whose parents had less than a high school education were 1.6 times more likely than those with college educated parents to have smoked more than a whole cigarette (CI=1.06, 2.26). Conclusion Factors at multiple levels of influence affect adolescent smoking initiation. Smoking by older age peers and lower SES predicts earlier smoking.

The Effect Of Family And Social Environment On Smoking Behaviour In Adolescence

“…Similar to past studies, we find that frequent communication between parents and children about smoking is largely a risk factor for adolescents' smoking (Goldade et al, 2012;Huver et al, 2006) with frequency of communication negatively associated with self-efficacy (Fearnow et al, 1998). In contrast, anti-smoking advice is found elsewhere to result in lower risk of smoking for adolescents (Chassin et al, 1996;Fearnow et al, 1998;Goldade et al, 2012) albeit some argue that it is frequency rather quality of communication that deters adolescent from smoking (Otten et al, 2007). Ennett (Ennett et al, 2001) suggest that once adolescents start smoking parents tend to pass antismoking advice more frequently to induce smoking cessation.…”

“…For instance, the finding of increased smoking along with increased antismoking advice can simply be a result of increased advice given towards adolescents that already smoke. In fact, Avenevoli and Merikangas (Avenevoli and Merikangas, 2003) found a bi-directional relationship between parents-child communication/rules and smoking habits, whereby adolescent smoking at baseline could be predicted, by parent-child communication and vice versa (Goldade et al, 2012). Similarly, although smoking behaviour is often found to be correlated among friends and subsequently attributed to be peer effects, it is possible that it is a result of selection of the adolescent into a group that already smokes (i.e.…”

Fatores de risco e proteção de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis em adolescentes segundo raça/cor: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar

“…According to the National Health Survey (2013), the prevalence of cigarette smokers among adults was higher among black (17 . It is worth noting that, among adolescents, the main factors associated with smoking are age, influence of friends, smoking parents with lower educational level, and lack of family supervision 30,32 . With regard to the use of alcohol in the last 30 days and experimentation with alcohol at least once during their lifetime, white adolescents showed higher risk in comparison to brown individuals in the first behavior, and black and brown individuals in the second behavior.…”

Identidad de consumo, motivos y creencias en jóvenes fumadores y no fumadores colombianos

“…Así mismo, los fumadores reportaron sentir el más alto grado de motivación por el consumo y tentación ante diversos estímulos discriminativos disparadores del deseo de fumar; en la misma línea Goldade et al (2012), Novoa-Gómez et al (2011) y Rodríguez y Londoño (2010, habían reportado que precisamente los fumadores con consumo más fuerte se sentían altamente tentados a consumir en contextos sociales y en situaciones de alto estrés.…”