Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis infecting rabbits in Ogun State, Nigeria

Akinkuotu, Olufemi Ambrose; Greenwood, Spencer J.; McClure, J. Trenton; Takeet, M. I.; Otesile, E. B.; Olufemi, F. O.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.005

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In this study, assemblage B was identified in 18 samples and prevalent in Rex (3.68%) and IRA rabbits (3.49%), and on all farms and age groups (Table 1). These findings were consistent with those from studies in Nigeria and in Henan, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, China [3,30,42,56,70,71]. Of two common assemblages (A and B) in humans, genotype AI is considered zoonotic, genotype AII is mainly found in humans, and assemblage AIII is found exclusively in animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is in the range of prevalence for G. duodenalis infection, but lower than most previous studies, e.g. 8.40% in Henan [56], 7.41% in Heilongjiang [70], 7.60% in Europe [51], 13.79% in Jilin [30], 11.20% in Shandong [41], and 72.30% in Nigeria [3]. However, it was higher than that detected in Liaoning (1.47%) [30] and Xinjiang (1.90%) [71].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…A study from Nigeria [3] revealed a much higher prevalence (72.30%) than in Shaanxi, potentially due to differences in livestock rearing and feeding environments. The rabbits in Nigeria were fed freshly cut forage, while the rabbits in this study received pellet feed [3]. Additionally, the rabbits studied in Nigeria were raised in close proximity to other animal species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry), which may increase G. duodenalis infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, rabbits can carry zoonotic pathogens, including G. duodenalis [56,65]. The infection rate of G. duodenalis ranges from 1.90% to 72.30% [3,31,41,42,50,56,70,71]. Three assemblages have been identified in rabbits, A, B and E, and all are potential sources of infection for humans [3,27,29,41,55,70,71], suggesting a potential role of rabbits in the transmission of G. duodenalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China

Tang

Kang

et al. 2021

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Giardia duodenalis is an important parasite with veterinary and public health significance worldwide. The presence and zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis have previously been reported in rabbits. In this study, to understand the infection status of G. duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province, a total of 537 fecal samples were collected from two breeds of rabbits in four age groups (<30 days, 31–90 days, 91–200 days and >200 days) from four geographical origins (Fengxiang, Yangling, Tongchuan, and Shanyang). The presence of G. duodenalis in these samples was assessed using molecular assays based on beta-giardin (bg). The glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci were then amplified in the bg-positive samples for multi-locus genotype (MLG) analysis. The total prevalence of G. duodenalis in these rabbits was 3.54% (19/537). Giardia duodenalis infection was found in both breeds of rabbits, and in all farms and age groups, but with no statistically significant differences related to these factors (p > 0.05). Two assemblages, including B and E, were identified, with the former the predominant assemblage detected in both breeds, and in all age groups and farms. Sequence analysis revealed 2 (named as rbg1-2), 1 (named as rtpi1), and 2 (named as rgdh1-2) haplotypes at the gene loci of bg, tpi, and gdh, respectively, forming a multilocus genotype (MLG) of assemblage B (rbg1, rtpi1, and rgdh1). These findings reveal the significant zoonotic potential and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in rabbits in Shaanxi Province, PR China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China

Tang

Kang

et al. 2021

Parasite

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“…In Nigeria, the annual number of deaths from diarrheal diseases per 100,000 people decreased from 275.3 in 1990 to 92.5 in 2019 [ 22 ]. Although Giardia infection is not usually associated with mortality, giardiasis seems widely present in the country, affecting both asymptomatic and clinical individuals and livestock ( Table 1 ) [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In addition, very little is currently known on the genetic variability of G. duodenalis circulating in Nigerian human populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria

et al. 2023

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Giardia duodenalis is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (n = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was used as a screening method and PCR and Sanger sequencing as confirmatory and genotyping methods, respectively. Haplotype analyses were performed to examine associations between genetic variants and epidemiological variables. At microscopy examination, G. duodenalis was the most prevalent parasite found (29.3%, 91/311; 95% CI: 24.3–34.7), followed by Entamoeba spp. (18.7%, 58/311; 14.5–23.4), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%, 4/311; 0.4–3.3), and Taenia sp. (0.3%, 1/311; 0.01–1.8). qPCR confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis in 76.9% (70/91) of the microscopy-positive samples. Of them, 65.9% (60/91) were successfully genotyped. Assemblage B (68.3%, 41/60) was more prevalent than assemblage A (28.3%, 17/60). Mixed A + B infections were identified in two samples (3.3%, 2/60). These facts, together with the absence of animal-adapted assemblages, suggest that human transmission of giardiasis was primarily anthroponotic. Efforts to control G. duodenalis (and other fecal-orally transmitted pathogens) should focus on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices.

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Zoonotic giardiasis: an update

et al. 2021

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Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis infecting rabbits in Ogun State, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China

Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China

High Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Zoonotic giardiasis: an update

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