Multilocus Sequence Typing Implicates Rodents as the Main Reservoir Host of Human-Pathogenic Borrelia garinii in Japan

Takano, Ai; Nakao, Minoru; Masuzawa, Toshiyuki; Takada, Nobuhiro; Yano, Yasuhiro; Ishiguro, Fubito; Fujita, Hiromi; Ito, Takuya; Ma, Xin; Oikawa, Yozaburo; Kawamori, Fumihiko; Kunihiko, Kumagai; Mikami, Takeshi; Hanaoka, Nozomu; Ando, Shuji; Honda, Naoko; Taylor, Kyle R.; Tsubota, Toshio; Konnai, Satoru; Watanabe, Haruo; Ohnishi, Makoto; Kawabata, Hiroki

doi:10.1128/jcm.02544-10

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This may suggest that infectivity in C3H/HeN mice differed among the strains. Recently, MLST analysis [20,43] revealed that some pathogenic B. garinii strains made a cluster, and these strains were clearly distinguishable from other B. garinii strains. The MLST type of noninfectious strains was different from the MLST type of infectious strains (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European B. valaisiana

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. Lyme disease Borrelia spp. are transmitted by Ixodes ticks, and more than 10 species of borreliae have been identified around the world. Recently, another Borrelia sp. has been reported in Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Thailand) as Borrelia valaisiana-related sp. In the present study, we obtained and genetically characterized 19 B. valaisiana-related sp. strains from mammals and ticks. Genetic analyses showed that the Borrelia strains were distinct from B. valaisiana found in Europe. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that these Borrelia isolates formed a monophyletic group with B. yangtze strains in China. Some of the strains were isolated from the bladders of small mammals, and also two strains were experimentally confirmed to be infectious in C3H/HeN mice. We observed that the Borrelia sp. was maintained in the Ixodes granulatus tick after molting. These results suggested that small mammals and I. granulatus were possible reservoir hosts and the vector tick for the Borrelia sp., respectively. B. valaisiana, originally found in Europe, was transmitted mainly by I. ricinus, and birds were mainly thought to be reservoir hosts. Our results suggested that Japanese isolates of B. yangtze (formerly B. valaisiana-related sp.) were distinguishable from B. valaisiana according to the reservoir host and its vector tick. In this study, we also deposited borrelia strain Okinawa-CW62 into bioresource centers as a reference strain of B. yangtze (=DSM 24625, JCM 17189).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European B. valaisiana

et al. 2013

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“…Because rodents have been implicated as the most important reservoirs of B. garinii and B. afzelii, which are the pathogens of human Lyme disease in Japan (Nakao et al 1994, Takano et al 2011, and B. miyamotoi, which shares the same vector, we hypothesized that they share the same reservoirs. Therefore, we compared infection rates of B. miyamotoi among wild rodents trapped in Hokkaido, Japan, to the more studied B. garinii and B. afzelii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia miyamotoiInfections among Wild Rodents Show Age and Month Independence and Correlation withIxodes persulcatusLarval Attachment in Hokkaido, Japan

Taylor

Takano

Konnai

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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To clarify how Borrelia miyamotoi is maintained in the environment in Hokkaido, we examined Ixodes persulcatus for its prevalence among wild rodents and its tick vector by detecting a portion of the borrelial flaB gene in rodent urinary bladder and blood samples, and from whole ticks. We compared B. miyamotoi infection rates to Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, which are human Lyme disease pathogens also carried by wild rodents, and which are transmitted by the same vector tick. Whereas B. garinii and B. afzelii showed age dependence of infection rates among wild rodents (18.4% and 9.9% among adults and 6.0% and 3.4% among sub-adults, respectively) when looking at urinary bladder samples, B. miyamotoi infection rates were not age dependent for either blood (4.2% among adults, and 7.9% among sub-adults) or urinary bladder samples (1.0% among adults, and 1.7% among sub-adults). Moreover, while B. garinii and B. afzelii infection rates showed increases across months ( June, July [p < 0.05] and August [p < 0.01] had higher rates than in May for adult rodents with B. garinii, and July and August had higher rates than in May [p < 0.01] for adult rodents with B. afzelii), B. miyamotoi infection rates did not show significant month dependence. These differences in month and age dependence led us to suspect that B. miyamotoi may not develop persistent infections in wild rodents, as B. garinii and B. afzelii are thought to. Furthermore, we examined the extent of rodent exposure to I. persulcatus nymphs and larvae throughout most of the tick's active season (May through September), and determined that B. miyamotoi infection rates in sub-adult rodents were correlated with larval burden ( p < 0.01), suggesting that larvae may be very important in transmission of B. miyamotoi to wild rodents.

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“…Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using maximum-likelihood (Tamura et al, 2011). Consistent with previous analyses (Margos et al, 2009;Scholz et al, 2013;Takano et al, 2011), European and Asian B. bavariensis sp. nov. formed a sister clade to B. garinii In this context, it is important to emphasize that giving species status to ecotypes of bacteria that form phylogenetically divergent sequence clusters (Koeppel et al, 2008) would have the advantage of being ecologically, epidemiologically and clinically predictive.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…This typing scheme is based on eight chromosomally located housekeeping genes, clpA, clpX, nifS, pepX, pyrG, recG, rplB and uvrA (Margos et al, 2008). We also included in our analyses sequence types (STs) of the following previously typed strains using the same MLSA scheme: (i) strains found in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Mongolia (Scholz et al, 2013); (ii) NT29-like strains from Asia of rodent, tick and human origin which have been described by Takano et al (2011); or (iii) strains which were deposited in the MLST database (borrelia.mlst.net; Table 2). …”

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confidence: 99%

Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. is widely distributed in Europe and Asia

Margos

Wilske²,

Sing³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

106

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Since the original description of Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. in 2009, additional samples available from humans and ticks from Europe and Mongolia, respectively, have been used to further characterize Borrelia strains belonging to this group of spirochaetes that utilize rodents as reservoir hosts. These investigations suggested the presence of related strains in Europe and Asia and confirmed their status as representing a distinct species. Furthermore, samples that were investigated by researchers from China and Japan confirm the ecological relationship of members of this proposed species with rodents and suggest that it has a wide distribution in Eurasia. Here, we use phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses to validate B. bavariensis sp. nov. as a species within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The type strain is PBiT ( = DSM 23469T = BAA-2496T).

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Multilocus Sequence Typing Implicates Rodents as the Main Reservoir Host of Human-Pathogenic Borrelia garinii in Japan

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a <i>Borrelia valaisiana</i>–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European <i>B. valaisiana</i>

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a <i>Borrelia valaisiana</i>–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European <i>B. valaisiana</i>

Borrelia miyamotoiInfections among Wild Rodents Show Age and Month Independence and Correlation withIxodes persulcatusLarval Attachment in Hokkaido, Japan

Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. is widely distributed in Europe and Asia

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