Multimedia Educational Programs for Improvement of Occupational Safety Awareness in Construction Industry

Exploring the Formation Mechanism of Unsafe Construction Behavior and Testing Efficient Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Programs

“…The worker’s cognition, judgment and coping ability surrounding construction safety risks can be improved through training and education so that they can receive relevant information for safety production correctly and make accurate judgments through thinking so as to perform the behavior of safety production [ 30 , 37 ]. However, the content of safety training required by personnel at different levels is different, and it is necessary to systematically identify and analyze the safety training’s objectives, knowledge structure, skill status and other aspects of personnel at different levels to determine safety training needs at different levels [ 62 , 75 ].…”

“…Safety training for employees is an important measure for ensuring the safety of construction and improving the safety awareness and perceptions of employees [ 36 , 37 ]. Safety training is critical especially to tutor employees on safety training and compliance, which will offer prevention of accidents and controls.…”

“…At the policymaker level, factors that may cause workers’ unsafe behaviors mainly include: excessive pursuit of economic interests [ 1 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], insufficient investments in safety [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], over-scheduling [ 49 , 50 ], unreasonable safety input and allocation of resources [ 18 , 30 , 51 ], illegal subcontracting [ 52 , 53 ], inadequate safety management systems [ 17 , 19 , 54 ], ignoring production safety [ 43 , 45 ], etc. At the management level, factors that may cause workers’ unsafe behaviors mainly include: unreasonable technical safety plans [ 52 , 55 ], no contingency programs [ 37 , 52 ], no security hardware and software protection [ 13 , 36 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], the construction plan approval not being strict [ 37 ], illegal orders [ 18 , 25 , 58 ], non-implementation of security measures [ 35 , 59 ], lax supervision [ 1 , 14 ], improper emergency handling [ 19 , 50 , 59 ], lack of vigilance [ 43 , 45 ], the continuation of work despite potential dangers [ 48 , 59 ], etc. At the operational level, factors that may cause workers’ unsafe behaviors mainly include: irregular operating [ 25 ,…”

“…At the management level, factors that may cause workers’ unsafe behaviors mainly include: unreasonable technical safety plans [ 52 , 55 ], no contingency programs [ 37 , 52 ], no security hardware and software protection [ 13 , 36 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], the construction plan approval not being strict [ 37 ], illegal orders [ 18 , 25 , 58 ], non-implementation of security measures [ 35 , 59 ], lax supervision [ 1 , 14 ], improper emergency handling [ 19 , 50 , 59 ], lack of vigilance [ 43 , 45 ], the continuation of work despite potential dangers [ 48 , 59 ], etc. At the operational level, factors that may cause workers’ unsafe behaviors mainly include: irregular operating [ 25 , 58 ], violation of construction procedures [ 37 ], carelessness [ 9 , 19 , 44 ], passive execution [ 22 , 58 ], a lack of sensibility towards emergencies [ 19 , 50 , 59 ], no proper security measures [ 35 , 59 ], excessive fatigue [ 50 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], etc. Unsafe behaviors of policymakers play a guiding role in safety production, leading to the occurrence of unsafe behaviors of managers and operators [ 58 ].…”