“…To address this limitation, we use the individual gradients as the importance weights w ik c for every single spatial location i in the feature maps and calculate the Grad-CAM variable/wavenumber classification importance over the input spectrum by performing an element-wise multiplication of the feature map activations with their corresponding weights followed by a summation of the weighted maps, as previously proposed by other authors. 20,39,[43][44][45]47,48 The output sum is upsampled to the input size via interpolation 29 to obtain an importance value for each wavenumber in the spectrum. 4.…”