Multimodal grain size distribution and high hardness in fine grained tungsten fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Consolidation of W–Ta composites: Hot isostatic pressing and spark and pulse plasma sintering

“…The densification values obtained with HIP and PPS are above 90% [19] 93 W (PPS) [16] 95 and similar to the ones obtained for pure tungsten consolidated by SPS and PPS [16]. The presence of Ta 2 O 5 has not been taken into consideration in the measurements and the relatively low density of this phase strengthens the high densification values obtained.…”

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…[86] Use of FAST/SPS with similar starting grain size leads to a dramatic reduction of the maximal temperature (1300°C) necessary for densification of tungsten with negligible grain growth. [92] If full densification is required, higher temperatures inducing exaggerated grain growth are needed or FAST/SPS must be combined with other techniques including ultrahigh pressure. [93] Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs), such as W-Fe-Ni, are commonly densified by liquid phase sintering at temperatures above 1460°C, where the final composites present large tungsten grains, typically 30-40 mm in size.…”

Novel Gallium Polyoxometalate/Nano‐Gold Hybrid Material Supported on Nano‐sized Silica for Mild Cyclohexene Oxidation Using Molecular Oxygen

“…Figure (b) shows symmetric W(4f) peaks attributed to W compounds such as WO 3 , contrary to an asymmetric peak shape for metal states. Two peaks for WO 3 are observed, W(4f7/2) and W(4f5/2), at 35.24 and 37.7 eV, respectively . Figure (c) shows the C 1s spectrum where C is prominently found as C–C (284.5 eV) mainly arising from the organic linker, although smaller peaks near 286 and 288 eV indicate that C–O–C and O–CO are also present.…”