Multimodal imaging of skin lesions by using methylene blue as cancer biomarker

Abstract

This study aimed the optical imaging of malignant and normal skin tissues with multimodal wide-field fluorescence polarization imaging (WF) technique, by using methylene blue as fluorescence dye. We present optical imaging of skin tissues by different techniques, including reflectance, fluorescence, and polarization imaging for early detection of skin cancer. We collected the reflectance confocal images at 390 and 500 nm. For wide-field fluorescence images, specimens were stimulated at 640 nm and images were collected between 670 and 710 nm. The correlation of the regarded optical modalities with histopathology (H&E), their potentials, capabilities, and limitations to detect skin lesions are discussed. The advantages of multimodal imaging of skin tissues are analyzed to divulge possibilities for precise tumor boundary detection and their classification for malignant and nonmalignant skin tissues. Prior to imaging, the cells were stained in aqueous MB (a dye approved by FDA).

Near-infrared fluorophores methylene blue for targeted imaging of the stomach in intraoperative navigation

“…MB has been proposed to screen bladder and skin cancer ( Yu et al, 1990 ; Malik et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, another study indicates that MB fluorescence imaging can identify breast cancer ( Zhang et al, 2019 ).…”

The Advances and Biomedical Applications of Imageable Nanomaterials

“…Nanomaterialslabeled MSCs with imaging properties aided in the diagnosis of lung metastases (Loebinger et al, 2009), osteosarcoma (Duchi et al, 2013) and brain cancers (Kim et al, 2016). The development and application of multimodal imaging nanomaterials had further increased the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of cancer (Malik et al, 2020). The advantage of imageable nanomaterials is that imaging can not only provide more accurate information on tumor sites but also provide information on drugs and their efficacy.…”

“…Nanomaterials-labeled MSCs with imaging properties aided in the diagnosis of lung metastases ( Loebinger et al, 2009 ), osteosarcoma ( Duchi et al, 2013 ) and brain cancers ( Kim et al, 2016 ). The development and application of multimodal imaging nanomaterials had further increased the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of cancer ( Malik et al, 2020 ).…”

Validation of a White Light and Fluorescence Augmented Panoramic Endoscopic Imaging System on a Bimodal Bladder Wall Experimental Model

“…For Ce6 and PpIX photosensitizers, two excitation regions are typical: about 400 nm and 620-660 nm [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Methylene blue does not have absorption peaks in the region of 400 nm; therefore, it is classically excited in the red wavelength range [17][18][19][20][21]. For PSs that have significant absorption peaks in the blue region, excitation at about 400 nm allows to excite fluorescence more effectively, while excitation in the red region allows light to penetrate deeper into the tissue and travel in the optical phototherapeutic window of biological tissues [22,23], in particular, to bypass significant absorption by blood components [14].…”