Molecular
imaging is a biomedical research discipline that has
quickly emerged to afford the observation, characterization, monitoring,
and quantification of biomarkers and biological processes in living
organism. It covers a large array of imaging techniques, each of which
provides anatomical, functional, or metabolic information. Multimodality,
as the combination of two or more of these techniques, has proven
to be one of the best options to boost their individual properties,
hence offering unprecedented tools for human health. In this review,
we will focus on the combination of positron emission tomography and
fluorescence imaging from the specific perspective of the chemical
synthesis of dual imaging agents. Based on a detailed analysis of
the literature, this review aims at giving a comprehensive overview
of the chemical strategies implemented to build adequate imaging tools
considering radiohalogens and radiometals as positron emitters, fluorescent
dyes mostly emitting in the NIR window and all types of targeting
vectors.