Multimodules integrated functional DNA nanomaterials for intelligent drug delivery

Abstract

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been an emerging building block to construct functional biomaterials. Due to their programmable sequences and rich responsiveness, DNA has attracted rising attention in the construction of intelligent nanomaterials with predicable nanostructure and adjustable functions, which has shown great potential in drug delivery. On the one hand, the DNA sequences with molecule recognition, responsiveness, and therapeutic efficacy can be easily integrated to the framework of DNA nanomaterials by sequence designing; on the other hand, the rich chemical groups on DNA molecules provide binding points for other functional units. In this review, we divided the functionalization modules in the construction of DNA nanomaterials into three types, including targeting modules, responsive modules, and therapeutic modules. Based on these modules, five DNA kinds of representative nanomaterials applied in drug delivery were introduced, including DNA nanogel, DNA origami, DNA framework, DNA nanoflower, and DNA hybrid nanosphere. Finally, we discussed the challenges in the transition of DNA materials to clinical applications. We expect that this review can help readers to obtain a deeper understanding of DNA materials, and further promote the development of these intelligent materials to real world's application.

Spatio-Temporal Controlled Gene-Chemo Drug Delivery in a DNA Nanocomplex to Overcome Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells

“…In addition, the application of DNA nanomaterials in biosensors can be expanded by modifying DNA with fluorescent groups and designing stimulus response structures such as DNAzyme, Gquadruplex, and ATP aptamer. 52 In addition, studies have shown that rolling circle amplification reaction, DNA hybridization chain reaction, and DNA catalytic hairpin self-assembly have great potential in realizing signal amplification.…”

“…Therefore, by integrating with smart nanostructures, more multi-functional DNA smart drug delivery nanocomplexes with dynamic response are expected to be developed, which greatly promotes the development of precision medicine. In addition, the application of DNA nanomaterials in biosensors can be expanded by modifying DNA with fluorescent groups and designing stimulus response structures such as DNAzyme, G-quadruplex, and ATP aptamer . In addition, studies have shown that rolling circle amplification reaction, DNA hybridization chain reaction, and DNA catalytic hairpin self-assembly have great potential in realizing signal amplification …”

DNA Nanogel for Cancer Therapy

“…[20,35] Aptamer is a type of single-stranded DNA with a specific sequence that can fold into highly-ordered structure. [36] Aptamers can recognize specific biomolecules, for example, Sgc8 aptamer specifically binds with the overexpressed protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) on cancer cell surfaces [37,38] and AS1411 aptamer specifically targets nucleolin. [39][40][41][42] The aptamer sequences can be introduced into two kinds of DNA nanogels by encoding the circle template [19,43] or adding to the DNA building blocks, [12] thereby assisting nanogel to achieve active targeting.…”

Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica with a G-A-Mismatched dsDNA Chain for Efficient Identification and Selective Capturing of the MutY Protein

“…Affinity chromatography is an efficient protein separation method based on the interaction between specific immobilized ligands and target proteins, and nucleic-acid aptamers are promising affinity ligands in affinity chromatography. , dsDNA is a natural substrate for the MutY protein. Compared with the aptamers that require screening and antibodies with long and expensive preparation cycles, dsDNA is merited with adjustable sequences, good stability in solution, and less difficulty in production, which makes it a favorable candidate for functional modifications.…”

“…Compared with the aptamers that require screening and antibodies with long and expensive preparation cycles, dsDNA is merited with adjustable sequences, good stability in solution, and less difficulty in production, 49 which makes it a favorable candidate for functional modifications.…”