“…Inorganic/polymer core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted widespread interests due to their favorable properties and promising applications in biomedical areas, especially for imaging and theranostics. [ 1 ] Inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, and upconversion NPs could introduce the functions of computed tomography(CT), [ 2 ] magnetic resonance (MR), [ 3 ] and fluorescence (FL) imaging. [ 4 ] Polymers could improve the biocompatibility and dispersibility of NPs and endow multifunctional surface of NPs for biorelated applications.…”
Inorganic/polymercore/shell nanoparticles (NPs) for theranostics have always attracted research interest due to their flexible composition and facile synthesis. Here, core/shell NPs are prepared with gadolinium hydroxide nanorods cores and Mn ion‐doped polydopamine shells. After PEG modification, the relaxation rate of Gd(OH)3@MnPDA‐PEG NRs achieved 35 s−1mm−1. The characterization results indicate that the predoping Mn ions obviously promote the effect of MRI compared with the nanorods without or with postdoping Mn ions, and the predoping method can effectively control the actual doping account of metal ions. Considering the toxicity, dopamine and manganese in molar ratio of 8:1 is finally chosen. Gd(OH)3@MnPDA‐PEG nanorods are conducted in vivo and in vitro imaging and therapeutic experiments. The results show that the nanorods has low biological toxicity, excellent magnetic resonance imaging effects, clear photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapy effects.
“…Inorganic/polymer core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted widespread interests due to their favorable properties and promising applications in biomedical areas, especially for imaging and theranostics. [ 1 ] Inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, and upconversion NPs could introduce the functions of computed tomography(CT), [ 2 ] magnetic resonance (MR), [ 3 ] and fluorescence (FL) imaging. [ 4 ] Polymers could improve the biocompatibility and dispersibility of NPs and endow multifunctional surface of NPs for biorelated applications.…”
Inorganic/polymercore/shell nanoparticles (NPs) for theranostics have always attracted research interest due to their flexible composition and facile synthesis. Here, core/shell NPs are prepared with gadolinium hydroxide nanorods cores and Mn ion‐doped polydopamine shells. After PEG modification, the relaxation rate of Gd(OH)3@MnPDA‐PEG NRs achieved 35 s−1mm−1. The characterization results indicate that the predoping Mn ions obviously promote the effect of MRI compared with the nanorods without or with postdoping Mn ions, and the predoping method can effectively control the actual doping account of metal ions. Considering the toxicity, dopamine and manganese in molar ratio of 8:1 is finally chosen. Gd(OH)3@MnPDA‐PEG nanorods are conducted in vivo and in vitro imaging and therapeutic experiments. The results show that the nanorods has low biological toxicity, excellent magnetic resonance imaging effects, clear photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapy effects.
“…The created multinuclear infrastructure of the receiving and transmitting channel (Fig. 2 ) made this MRI scanner the only one in the world operating at 10 Larmor frequencies [ 1 – 7 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Secondly, the required for measurements hyperpolarization state does not last long, for several minutes at best. Therefore, we tasked ourselves with finding such methods of multinuclear MRI diagnostics that would allow, without the use of hyperpolarization, to obtain in limited time clear MRI images of human and animal internal organs and tissues [ 1 – 3 ].…”
The presented data clearly demonstrate that multinuclear MRI has a great potential in research and clinical fields. The biomedical value of many heavy nuclei that are part of drugs, contrast agents, and molecular complexes in live tissues emphasizes the need for creating and using MRI scanners tuned to the Larmor frequencies of such nuclei. This article discusses a number of specific problems solved with the use of multinuclear MRI. Since the sensitivity of the MRI on heavy nuclei, as a rule, is insufficient for obtaining images of satisfactory quality, it is proposed to use hyperpolarization techniques for preparing objects for the MRI diagnostics. However, bearing in mind the high cost of hyperpolarization techniques, alternative approaches using contrast agents normally absent in tissues can be more suitable in certain situations. For instance, due to the absence of fluorine in the body,
19
F MRI allows for successful diagnostics of the respiratory tract and lungs filled with fluorine-containing gas, detecting the location of the blood substitute Perftoran® in the body, monitoring the transport along the gastrointestinal tract of a capsule filled with a preparation containing fluorine-19 nuclei, etc. The possibility of non-invasive local measurements of the concentration of sodium-23 in the body, which, in case of a deviation from the norm, is linked to such pathologies as diabetes, hypertension, renal failure, and many others, is also demonstrated. Reported as well is the creation of transmitting and receiving infrastructure that makes possible effective MRI measurements at low fields (of about 0.5 T) at 10 Larmor frequencies corresponding to the nuclei of hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, boron, chlorine, sodium, carbon, phosphorus, silicon and oxygen.
“…The increase in B 0 not only affects the number of spins available for excitation, but also the Larmor's frequency at which the spins enter into resonance [5][6][7]. This increase in the Larmor frequency and the number of spins for excitation also allows additional nuclei besides protons ( 1 H) to be used for acquiring MR images; this phenomenon is referred to as multi-nuclei MR imaging [8][9][10][11][12][13] or X-nuclei MRI. As X-nuclei MRI can be used for diagnosing early stage cancers, tumors, lesions, and pathogens, it has become a widely studied technique in recent years.…”
Seven Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) systems can obtain high quality anatomical images using protons (1H) and can be used for multinuclear imaging and MR spectroscopy. These imaging modes can also obtain images and metabolic information using other nuclei, such as 19F, 31P, and 23Na. Here, we present an RF coil unit using a microstrip capable of resonating at four frequencies: 300 (1H), 280 (19F), 121 (31P), and 78 (23Na) MHz. The RF unit consists of a single feeding port and four lines that resonate and run a current at their respective frequency. We used the gapped microstrip concept to isolate each conducting line and interleaved the dielectric materials used for each line, thereby reducing the coupling between them. We also analyzed this design using electromagnetic (EM) simulations, and found that the quad tuned arrangement produced low coupling between adjacent current lines and achieved a uniform |B1| field in the z-y plane.
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