Introduction. The primary focus for improving medical care is introduction of inpatient-replacement forms of healthcare for patients, particularly, with prostate cancer (PCa). Day-care facilities at outpatient institutions and hospitals are considered the most cost-effective and convenient for patients. It is expected that the introduction of new survey methodologies and the optimization of their use in day-hospitals of outpatient clinics will reduce the use of other diagnostic procedures, including invasive ones, and will allow the specialist to determine the treatment tactics and method.Objective. To improve the quality of PCa diagnosis with the use of high-tech advanced outpatient medical care.Materials & methods. To assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of transrectal prostate biopsies (TRPBs) in the day hospital, we have compared the statistics obtained in outpatient clinics with inpatient hospital divisions of the corresponding urban district. A comparative analysis of the data obtained using a standard examination algorithm was carried out: prostate-specific antigen analysis, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound examination with a group of men who used multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the examination algorithm prior to TRPB.Results. The average annual number of TRPBs performed in inpatient urology divisions (three сapital hospitals from Western urban district) was 344, and the PCa detection was 142 (41%). In the outpatient urological unit of the Branch No. 2, Moscow Outpatient Clinics No. 195 for the period from 2010 to 2017, the average annual number of TRPBs was 440, and the PCa detection was 153 (35%) Thus, from the above data, it appears that with inpatient-like PCa detection, one large outpatient urological unit performed on average 24% more TRPBs (440 versus 344) than three inpatient urological divisions in a comparable period of time. When comparing histological data obtained after TRPBs in the absence and presence of pelvic mpMRT, a reliable difference (42% vs 35%) was found in PCa detection, respectively.Conclusion. mpMRI due to its high sensitivity and specificity in PCa diagnosis, which can be recommended as a mandatory diagnostic step before TRPB. In addition, mpMRI can significantly reduce the number of unnecessary TRPBs, increase the effectiveness of timely PCa diagnosis at the early stages.
