Multiparametric Ultrasound in Testicular Emergencies: State-of-the-Art

Abstract

Purpose of Review This review article aims to provide an overview of testicular multiparametric ultrasound features in emergency setting, to bring the reader up to date with new technologies and to provide insights into the ultrasound diagnosis of scrotal pathologies. Recent Findings Multiparametric ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a fundamental problem-solving technique in testicular diseases. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and elastography represent recent technologies that may be advantageous over conventional ultrasonography especially when diagnosis is controversial. Summary A wide range of acute diseases, including torsion, infection, ischaemia, and trauma, may affect the testis. These conditions represent frequently surgical emergencies, thus understanding their imaging appearance is imperative to help guide adequate management.

Multiparametric ultrasound-based assessment of overt hyperthyroid diffuse thyroid disease

“…Ultrasound remains the primary morphological tool for thyroid disease diagnosis, both nodular and diffuse. Multiparametric ultrasound evaluation is used in the differential diagnostic of focal liver ( 10 ) and pancreatic lesions, breast ( 11 , 12 ), thyroid ( 13 – 17 ), cervical lymph nodes ( 18 )or testicular ( 19 – 21 ) nodular disease. Combining the information from gray scale US, doppler, elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound do offer valuable information also in diffuse diseases such as salivary gland ( 22 ) or liver ( 23 , 24 ).…”