Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of soft tissue or bone origin that can give rise to a challenge in diagnostic imaging. These tumors are frequently associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia, also called oncogenic osteomalacia, which is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by ectopic secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23, a hormone that regulates serum phosphate level. PMTs show polymorphic features on both radiological findings and histological examination, causing problems in diagnosis owing to their similarity with other mesenchymal tumors. Thus, this paper aims to describe radiological aspects of PMTs and suggest an imaging pathway for accurate diagnosis throughout the evidence from the literature review.

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Osteopoikilosisis a rare inherited benign bone dysplasia incidentally found on radiological exams. It ischaracterized by a specific radiological pattern which consists in diffuse, round or oval, symmetrically shaped sclerotic bone areas distributed throughout the skeleton. It is important to do a correct diagnosis because these lesions could be easily confused with bone metastasis. We reported a case of an osteopoikilosis patient presenting to our clinic with transient loss of consciousness and without any numbness, tingling and weakness in the legs or other parts of the body. The CT scan showed multiple small sclerotic foci bone islands, scattered throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine, ribs, pelvic bone, sacrum and bilateral proximal femur. No significant increase in the activity was detected in Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) whole body bone scintigraphy. The patient was diagnosed with characteristic radiological findings of osteopoikilosis and was followed up.

Purpose of Review This review article aims to provide an overview of testicular multiparametric ultrasound features in emergency setting, to bring the reader up to date with new technologies and to provide insights into the ultrasound diagnosis of scrotal pathologies. Recent Findings Multiparametric ultrasound is increasingly recognized as a fundamental problem-solving technique in testicular diseases. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and elastography represent recent technologies that may be advantageous over conventional ultrasonography especially when diagnosis is controversial. Summary A wide range of acute diseases, including torsion, infection, ischaemia, and trauma, may affect the testis. These conditions represent frequently surgical emergencies, thus understanding their imaging appearance is imperative to help guide adequate management.