Multiphoton Imaging Can Be Used for Microscopic Examination of Intact Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa Ex Vivo

Abstract

Multiphoton microscopy can be used to examine gastrointestinal mucosa at the cellular level, without the need for fluorescent dyes. The construction of a multiphoton endomicroscope therefore could provide a practical means of performing virtual biopsies during the course of routine endoscopy, with advantages over currently available endomicroscopy technologies.

Simultaneous characterization of pancreatic stellate cells and other pancreatic components within three-dimensional tissue environment during chronic pancreatitis

“…20,21 Consequently, different biochemical constituents of cellular or extracellular origins with various emission wavelengths can be detected through multiple channels, which enables simultaneous identification of different tissue components. 16,22,23 Using this method, stromal collagen, which is the major source of SHG signals in extracellular matrix, has been recognized from cellular components. [24][25][26] Lymphatic cells have been distinguished from the other gastric tissue types due to a broad emission that possibly originates from phospholipids, known to be a significant component of lymphocytes.…”

A pilot study of using multiphoton microscopy to diagnose gastric cancer

“…Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on the advancement of the field of nonlinear optics and femtosecond lasers, can provide detailed real-time information on tissue architecture and cellular morphology in live tissue by using a combination of autofluorescence from cells and second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal from collagen [1][2][3][4]. It provides several advantages over single-photon, linear microscopy technologies, including generation of autofluorescence images without the need for fluorescent dyes and greater capacity for deep tissue imaging [5]. A wide range of tissues have been examined by MPM, but it has largely been used in animal research rather than for clinical use [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Endothelin-2 Differential Expression in Normal and Early-Stages of Colon Cancer Development

“…Jain and coworkers demonstrated that an increase of collagen concentration (i.e., desmoplasia) was associated with implanted melanoma-cell tumor [38]. On the other hand, in a complete analysis of human gastrointestinal tract, Nathanson and coworkers find out small amount of collagen in benign tissues [39]. Furthermore, in a recent study was demonstrated that ET-1 stimulates processes involved in tumor stroma production by colonic fibroblasts [40].…”