Multiple anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of Caprines on Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goat at Kashmir Valley, India

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the status of anthelmintic resistance in Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes (GINs) of goats at an organized farm located in Kashmir, as there is no report of resistance against these parasites of goats from this temperate region, although it has been reported worldwide including India. Caprines reared at this farm exhibited reduced efficacy to multiple anthelmintics following treatments with Fenbendazole (FBZ), Closantel and Ivermectin (IVM) in Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). The results suggested that the overall efficacy was highest for IVM at 83.5% and 90.0% on 7 th and 14 th day post-treatment, respectively and least for FBZ at 44.3% and 62.5%, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for closantel were 68.3% and 86.2%, respectively. The pre-treatment faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus , Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis as predominant strongyles, however, in post-treatment samples, only H. contortus was observed. Further, the infective larvae were subjected to Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) for accurate diagnosis of BZ resistance. The AS-PCR revealed 52% of H. contortus were homozygous resistant (rr) and 17% were heterozygous (rS) on day “0” before treatment and 100% homozygous resistant (rr) on 7th day post treatment. In both T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta, 100% population was homozygous susceptible (SS) at day “0” before treatment. The overall frequency of resistant (r) allele for H. contortus was 60.5% and for susceptible allele (s) was 39.5%. For T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta the frequency of susceptible allele (s) was 100%. The survey indicated that the GINs of goats on the farm have developed multiple anthelmintic resistance to FBZ, closantel and IVM and the condition is alarming in the farm. Moreover surveillance studies about status of anthelmintic resistance in other farms (Govternment as well as Private) of Kashmir valley should be carried out at large scale to develop effective and sustainable control strategies against GI Nematodes.

Multiple Anthelmintic Resistance Among Dorper Sheep Detected With Phenotypic Markers Against Parasitic Gastroenteritis

“…The phenomenon of multiple anthelmintic resistance among small ruminants has been alarming not only in Malaysia but also in other parts of Asia (Bihaqi et al, 2020). This has been shown in the present study which strongly displayed the consequences of frequent and improper use of fenbendazole, albendazole and ivermectin in this farm where all anthelmintics tested were confirmed with resistant status (Table 4).…”

Anthelmintic resistance status of goat gastrointestinal nematodes in Sing Buri Province, Thailand

“…In Thailand, benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones are commonly used in goat herds. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) to all three groups of anthelmintics are described in several goat raising areas globally [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. Evidence of resistance to all three groups of anthelmintics is frequently reported in goats in Thailand [9][10][11].…”

Antibody response and abomasal histopathology of lambs with haemonchosis during supplementation with medicinal plants and organic selenium

“…The control of GINs relies on the repeated use of anthelmintics. Their excessive use, however, has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance in parasite populations ( Bihaqi et al., 2020 ; Jackson et al., 2012 ; Kaplan, 2020 ). Interest in new alternative control strategies is growing due to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the demands of consumers for animal products free of chemicals.…”