Multiple cannulation of the large intestine of the horse

Simmons, H.A.; Ford, E.J.H.

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(88)90085-1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…ruminal, omasal, duodenal, jejunal, ileal cannulation) [ 180 – 186 ], and less frequently to sample mucosa [ 187 , 188 ]. The model has also been applied to monogastric animals (small intestine, cecum, colon) including rabbits [ 189 – 192 ], dogs [ 193 – 196 ], pigs [ 197 – 199 ], and horses [ 200 ]. The cannulation method has the advantage of allowing researchers to temporally sample mucosa, digesta or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

et al. 2015

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Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory disease is mandatory to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. As inflammatory disease etiologies are multifactorial, the use of appropriate animal models and associated metrics of disease are essential. In this regard, animal models used alone or in combination to study acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the mammalian intestine paired with commonly used inflammation-inducing agents are reviewed. This includes both chemical and biological incitants of inflammation, and both non-mammalian (i.e. nematodes, insects, and fish) and mammalian (i.e. rodents, rabbits, pigs, ruminants, dogs, and non-human primates) models of intestinal inflammation including germ-free, gnotobiotic, as well as surgical, and genetically modified animals. Importantly, chemical and biological incitants induce inflammation via a multitude of mechanisms, and intestinal inflammation and injury can vary greatly according to the incitant and animal model used, allowing studies to ascertain both long-term and short-term effects of inflammation. Thus, researchers and clinicians should be aware of the relative strengths and limitations of the various animal models used to study acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the mammalian intestine, and the scope and relevance of outcomes achievable based on this knowledge. The ability to induce inflammation to mimic common human diseases is an important factor of a successful animal model, however other mechanisms of disease such as the amount of infective agent to induce disease, invasion mechanisms, and the effect various physiologic changes can have on inducing damage are also important features. In many cases, the use of multiple animal models in combination with both chemical and biological incitants is necessary to answer the specific question being addressed regarding intestinal disease. Some incitants can induce acute responses in certain animal models while others can be used to induce chronic responses; this review aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in each animal model and to guide the choice of an appropriate acute or chronic incitant to facilitate intestinal disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

et al. 2015

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“…Our technique differs from previous reports in many ways. The majority of previously reported procedures utilize general anesthesia for the cannulation procedure in one (Jasper and Cupps, 1950;Horney et al, 1973;Simmons and Ford, 1988) or both stages (Alexander and Donald, 1949) of a 2-stage technique. Although general anesthesia is regarded as safe when performed by qualified individuals, it has several disadvantages when used as part of a cannulation protocol (Freeman et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To complete the procedure, an opening into the cecal lumen is made, after which the cecal mucosa heals to the skin. This has been described in the standing (Teeter et al, 1968) or anesthetized horse (Alexander and Donald, 1949;Jasper and Cupps, 1950;Lowe et al, 1970) and as a 1-stage (Horney et al, 1973;Simmons and Ford, 1988) 'Snpported by USDA Animal Health and Disease Research Funds, Section 1433, PL 95-113. authors acknowledge J. Drouillard (Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan) for initiating the discussions that eventually led to this projeet and for his help in the early planning stages. Thanks are also extended to the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Research Center for the use of the metabolism barn during the recovery phase after the surgeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Technical note: A 2-stage cecal cannulation technique in standing horses1,2

Beard

Slough

Gunkel

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Cecal cannulation is necessary for sampling of intestinal contents for a variety of nutritional or digestive physiology studies. This report describes a 2-stage technique for permanent cecal cannulation in standing horses. For the first procedure, a right flank laparotomy is performed and a small pouch of the cecal base exteriorized and sutured to the body wall. The second procedure is performed approximately 1 wk later. During the second procedure, the exposed cecal pouch is removed and the cannula inserted. Ten horses were cannulated using this technique. After the first procedure, 1 horse developed a cecal impaction unresponsive to medical therapy and ruptured its cecum, whereas 2 other horses developed mild transient colic that responded to medical management. Insertion of the cecal cannula after creation of the stoma in the second procedure resulted in transient colic in 4 of 9 horses, but they responded to analgesic therapy in less than 24 h in all instances. The time to complete healing of the cannula site was approximately 30 d. The technique described in this report decreases the risk of peritonitis due to intestinal leakage and is technically easier to perform than previously described techniques.

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“…The caecal cannula, retaining flange and trochar were manufactured as a modification of the cannula described by Simmons & Ford (1988). The position of the retaining flange could be adjusted to allow for post-operative swelling and was fixed with stainless steel grub screws.…”

Section: Caecal Cannulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas handling in the caecum of the horse

Cottrell¹,

Jones²,

Potter³

1998

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYElectromanometric recordings of caecal pressures were made in chronically cannulated ponies. Endoscopy allowed direct observation of the caecal base and cupola while recording intracaecal pressures and enabled a functional interpretation of caecal pressure profiles. Using gas-tight seals, the caecal gas cap baseline pressure (tone) was usually below atmosphere, becoming less negative postprandially. Diurnal variations were observed in the amplitude and frequency of caecal pressure profiles and the direction of caecal movements, during which intra-caecal gas cap pressures briefly became positive. A paraprandial (psychic) phase of enhanced caecal motility was observed. Manipulation of the caecal gas cap volume, by insufflation of nitrogen gas, demonstrated the capacity of the caecal base to regulate gas pressures and to eliminate fermenting gases.

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Multiple cannulation of the large intestine of the horse

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

Technical note: A 2-stage cecal cannulation technique in standing horses1,2

Gas handling in the caecum of the horse

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