Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Rossi, Sabrina; Pitidis, Alessio

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001215

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…One of the main problems in defining MCS based on its clinical presentation is the variation in individual responses to chemicals, which is mutable to the point that a characteristic pattern of symptoms has not been yet established [ 2 ]. The most common MCS symptoms reported in the literature are headache, dizziness, seizures, heart arrhythmia, gastrointestinal problems, breathing difficulties, fatigue, lethargy, sore throat, hyperosmia, dyspnoea, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and asthma attacks [ 5 , 37 ]. Patients usually refer these symptoms to different organs and systems and relate them to exposure or contact with one or more chemicals [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MCS patients related such reactions to exposure to such different chemicals as solvents, hydrocarbons, organophosphates, and heavy metals. MCS is currently included in the wider spectrum of idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI), which also considers physical stimuli such as electromagnetic fields [ 5 ]. Common MCS symptoms are hyperosmia, weakness, lethargy, sore throat, dyspnoea, headache, and difficulties in concentration [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms

Casale

Ferracuti

Mosca

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic and/or recurrent condition with somatic, cognitive, and affective symptoms following a contact with chemical agents whose concentrations do not correlate with toxicity in the general population. Its prevalence is not well defined; it mainly affects women between 40 and 50 years, without variations in ethnicity, education and economic status. We aimed to assess the core symptoms of this illness in a sample of Italian patients. Two physicians investigated different symptoms with a checklist compilation in 129 patients with MCS (117 women). We conducted a categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) with Varimax rotation on the checklist dataset. A typical triad was documented: hyperosmia, asthenia, and dyspnoea were the most common symptoms. Patients also frequently showed cough and headache. The CATPCA showed seven main factors: 1, neurocognitive symptoms; 2, physical (objective) symptoms; 3, gastrointestinal symptoms; 4, dermatological symptoms; 5, anxiety-depressive symptoms; 6, respiratory symptoms; 7, hyperosmia and asthenia. Patients showed higher mean prevalence of factors 7 (89.9%), 6 (71.7%), and 1 (62.13%). In conclusion, MCS patients frequently manifest hyperosmia, asthenia, and dyspnoea, which are often concomitant with other respiratory and neurocognitive symptoms. Considering the clinical association that is often made with anxiety, more studies are necessary on the psychosomatic aspects of this syndrome. Further analytical epidemiological studies are needed to support the formulation of aetiological hypotheses of MCS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms

Casale

Ferracuti

Mosca

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Although the effect of age on CI is unclear, the prevalence of CI in persons ≥ 60 years of age is lower than that in other age groups [ 2 , 4 ] and the prevalence of CI in teenagers is much lower than that in adults [ 20 ]. In addition, the importance of genetic factors involved in xenobiotic metabolism in CI etiology is still uncertain concerning the importance of genetic variability as opposed to epigenetic mutation [ 16 , 21 ]. Although the underlying mechanisms between asthma/allergy and CI may be different, several studies reported comorbidity and multimorbidity between these conditions [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background factors of chemical intolerance and parent–child relationships

Azuma

Ohyama

Azuma

et al. 2018

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundChemical intolerance is a widespread public health problem characterized by symptoms that reportedly result from low-level exposure to chemicals. Although several studies have reported factors related to chemical intolerance in adults, the impact of family members has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the background factors related to chemical intolerance in family members and parent–child relationships.MethodsWe distributed a self-reported questionnaire to 4325 mothers who were invited to visit the Kishiwada Health Center in Kishiwada City, Osaka, between January 2006 and December 2007 for the regular health checkup of their three-and-a-half-year-old children.ResultsThe prevalence of chemical intolerance in the 3-year-old children was almost one eighteenth of that reported by their mothers. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that cold sensitivity [odds ratio (OR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–3.44], past bronchial asthma (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.46–5.53), and any past allergies (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.36–3.60) were significantly associated with chemical intolerance in the mother. The presence of indoor cat during childhood (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.08–3.69) was significantly associated with chemical intolerance in the mother; however, the association was weak compared with cold sensitivity and past asthma and allergies. The current chemical intolerance of the mother was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.19–4.53), bronchial asthma (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.00–6.69), and chronic bronchitis (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.04–13.03) in her 3-year-old child.ConclusionsThe results suggest that inherent physical constitution and childhood housing environment are associated with a risk of acquiring chemical intolerance. Children of mothers with chemical intolerance have a possible risk of respiratory hypersensitivity or inflammation. Further investigation is recommended to determine the inherent physical constitution and background environmental factors associated with the risk of acquiring chemical intolerance. The impact of having mothers with chemical intolerance on the health of children also requires further study.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0743-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Many factors can trigger sensitivity to chemicals. Besides genetic factors, drug/chemical exposure-related increased sensitivity to common chemicals may possibly occur by a variety of mechanisms including brain alterations and neurogenic inflammation/kindling [ 37 – 42 ], immune alterations [ 37 – 39 , 41 ], stimulation of the nitrogen oxide/peroxynitrate pathway [ 43 ], and damage/irritation to the respiratory tract [ 41 , 44 ]. Additional testing of the patient for toxicology/biochemical data (such as measurement of activity of various P450 enzymes, measurement of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative damage) might elucidate the biochemical pathways involved with his adverse reactions to drugs and chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Adverse Reactions Following Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, and Environmental Exposures: A Case Report

Lieberman

Curtis

2018

Drug Saf - Case Rep

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In this case report, we describe a 66-year-old man who developed multiple adverse reactions beginning at age 56 after exposure to several azole antifungal drugs including ketoconazole and fluconazole. He also had a history of more than 40 years exposure to chemicals including pesticides, wood preservatives, fertilizers, and welding chemicals. His reactions involved dehydration (requiring several liters of intravenous fluids in less than an hour to alleviate this condition), angioedema, nausea, tinnitus, hypotension, and difficulty breathing. His acute adverse reactions were triggered by a wide range of chemicals including gasoline, diesel fuel, pesticides, chlorine, topical isopropyl alcohol, and paper mill emissions. His acute reactions were also triggered by a wide range of foods such as bananas, apples, milk, white potatoes, and processed sweets. A number of mechanisms could be responsible for his increased sensitivity to chemicals following exposure to fluconazole/ketoconazole, including inhibition of P450 and other detoxification enzymes, acetaldehyde buildup, and neurogenic sensitization.

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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Cited by 57 publications

References 84 publications

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: A Principal Component Analysis of Symptoms

Background factors of chemical intolerance and parent–child relationships

Severe Adverse Reactions Following Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, and Environmental Exposures: A Case Report

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