Oral and maxillofacial injuries occur frequently during the primary and mixed dentitions, although vertical, complicated fractures involving the crown and root of primary molars are rarely observed during early childhood. Treatment of this type of fracture can be complex, requiring both an early, accurate diagnosis and a precise treatment plan. The purpose of this report was to describe the management of bilateral vertical complicated fracture of mandibular primary first molars associated with trauma in a 2-year-9-monthold girl. In this regard, Holan et al. 2) reported that 32% to 35% of direct blows to the chin results in a coronal fracture, single or multiple, of primary molars. Additionally, such a traumatic injury to the chin may cause mandibular fractures, most commonly condylar neck, or subcondylar 7,13). The incidence of complicated crown-root fractures in primary molars represents between 0.5% to 2% of all injuries of the primary dentition 7,14). Typically, they involve such hard tissues as enamel, dentin, and cementum 14). According to Wilson, a minimal displacement of coronal and root fragments is frequent because of the tight gingival collar on primary teeth that keeps these fragments together; this explains why many times this type of fracture is overlooked, particularly in the posterior regions 14). In addition, the exposure of the pulp tissue frequently occurs, in which case it is termed a complicated fracture 5,14). Prognosis of the affected molar is seriously jeopardized due mainly to the depth of the fracture, the difficulty of sealing and rebuilding the crown and root hard tissues, and the breaking of the gingivo-periodontal insertion. Therefore, the treatment of choice in these cases is the extraction of the fractured molar and placement of an