Multiple Delay and Sum With Enveloping Beamforming Algorithm for Photoacoustic Imaging

Ma, Xiang; Peng, Chenglei; Yuan, Jie; Cheng, Qian; Xu, Guan; Wang, Xueding; Carson, Paul L.

doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2958838

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This evaluation index can test the spectral crosstalk in reconstructed image for the linear algorithm. For nonlinear reconstruction methods or image enhancement methods (such as multiply DAS [54] , [55] or neural network post-processing methods [56] ), the influence of nonlinear algorithms on the spectra can be tested at the same time. For the BP algorithm, there are some modified methods that can reduce the impact of one type of spectral crosstalk (caused by streak artifacts), but these methods have unavoidable tradeoff and should be used with care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral crosstalk in photoacoustic computed tomography

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral crosstalk in photoacoustic computed tomography

et al. 2022

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“…For example, real-time, 4-cm-deep DAS, delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS), DAS + CF, or DMAS + CF imaging was achieved with processing times of 7.5, 7.6, 11.1, or 11.3 ms, respectively (with the exclusion of memory transfer times between the GPU and CPU). 43 A variation of DMAS, namely the multiple DAS with enveloping beamformer, was implemented on a Quadro P5000 GPU to reconstruct

images in 41.62 ms. 74 Another version of DMAS, proposed by Miri Rostami et al., 75 reported a 12-ms processing time for images of size

. The reported GPU-SLSC frame rate is better than that achieved with these beamformers and with a parallel backprojection algorithm reporting 17-Hz frame rates when reconstructing

duplex images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPU implementation of photoacoustic short-lag spatial coherence imaging for improved image-guided interventions

González

Bell

2020

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Significance: Photoacoustic-based visual servoing is a promising technique for surgical tool tip tracking and automated visualization of photoacoustic targets during interventional procedures. However, one outstanding challenge has been the reliability of obtaining segmentations using low-energy light sources that operate within existing laser safety limits. Aim: We developed the first known graphical processing unit (GPU)-based real-time implementation of short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming for photoacoustic imaging and applied this real-time algorithm to improve signal segmentation during photoacoustic-based visual servoing with low-energy lasers. Approach: A 1-mm-core-diameter optical fiber was inserted into ex vivo bovine tissue. Photoacoustic-based visual servoing was implemented as the fiber was manually displaced by a translation stage, which provided ground truth measurements of the fiber displacement. GPU-SLSC results were compared with a central processing unit (CPU)-SLSC approach and an amplitude-based delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming approach. Performance was additionally evaluated with in vivo cardiac data. Results: The GPU-SLSC implementation achieved frame rates up to 41.2 Hz, representing a factor of 348 speedup when compared with offline CPU-SLSC. In addition, GPU-SLSC successfully recovered low-energy signals (i.e., ≤268 μJ) with mean ± standard deviation of signal-to-noise ratios of 11.2 AE 2.4 (compared with 3.5 AE 0.8 with conventional DAS beamforming). When energies were lower than the safety limit for skin (i.e., 394.6 μJ for 900-nm wavelength laser light), the median and interquartile range (IQR) of visual servoing tracking errors obtained with GPU-SLSC were 0.64 and 0.52 mm, respectively (which were lower than the median and IQR obtained with DAS by 1.39 and 8.45 mm, respectively). GPU-SLSC additionally reduced the percentage of failed segmentations when applied to in vivo cardiac data. Conclusions: Results are promising for the use of low-energy, miniaturized lasers to perform GPU-SLSC photoacoustic-based visual servoing in the operating room with laser pulse repetition frequencies as high as 41.2 Hz.

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“…For the reconstruction with these two scanning schemes, the back-projection method or its variants are mostly used for their computational efficiency, robustness, and flexibility for arbitrary detector distributions. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, most of these algorithms model the ultrasound transducer as a point detector, while in current practice the ultrasound transducers are usually planar with a size of several millimeters. 20,21 The model mismatch between the reconstruction algorithm and the finite sized transducer results in an extended lateral resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have the advantage to access larger views around the target, which helps to give a more complete target structure in the reconstruction results. For the reconstruction with these two scanning schemes, the back‐projection method or its variants are mostly used for their computational efficiency, robustness, and flexibility for arbitrary detector distributions 13‐19 . However, most of these algorithms model the ultrasound transducer as a point detector, while in current practice the ultrasound transducers are usually planar with a size of several millimeters 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximate back‐projection method for improving lateral resolution in circular‐scanning‐based photoacoustic tomography

Wang

et al. 2021

Medical Physics

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Purpose In circular‐scanning‐based photoacoustic tomography (PAT), the effect of finite transducer aperture has not been effectively resolved. The goal of this paper is to propose a practical reconstruction method that accounts for the finite transducer aperture to improve the lateral resolution. Methods We for the first time propose to calculate the spatial‐temporal response (STR) of the employed finite‐sized transducer in a forward model, and then compensate the time delay and the directional sensitivity of the transducer in the framework of the back‐projection method. Both simulation and phantom experiments were carried out to evaluate the lateral resolution improvement with the proposed method. The performance of this new method for imaging complicated targets was also assessed by calculating the mean image gradient. Results Simulation results showed that with this new method the lateral resolution for off‐center targets can be as good as that for the center targets. Phantom experimental results showed that this new method can improve the lateral resolution more than two times for a point target about 5 mm far from the rotation center. Phantom experimental results also showed that many blurred fine structures of a piece of leaf veins at the off‐center regions were well restored with the new method, and the mean image gradient improved about 1.3 times. Conclusion The proposed new method can effectively account for the effect of finite transducer aperture for circular‐scanning‐based PAT in homogenous acoustic media. This new method also features its robustness and computational efficiency, so that it is a worthy replacement to the conventional back‐projection algorithm in circular‐scanning‐based PAT. This new method can be of great importance to the design of circular‐scanning or spherical‐scanning‐based PAT systems.

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Multiple Delay and Sum With Enveloping Beamforming Algorithm for Photoacoustic Imaging

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Spectral crosstalk in photoacoustic computed tomography

Spectral crosstalk in photoacoustic computed tomography

GPU implementation of photoacoustic short-lag spatial coherence imaging for improved image-guided interventions

Approximate back‐projection method for improving lateral resolution in circular‐scanning‐based photoacoustic tomography

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