Multiple-host pathogens in domestic hunting dogs in Nicaragua’s Bosawás Biosphere Reserve

Rickettsia africaeand Novel Rickettsial Strain inAmblyommaspp. Ticks, Nicaragua, 2013

“…Rickettsiae in Central America have primarily been reported in ticks, dogs, and humans, with limited data on tick species and rickettsial prevalence in Nicaragua ( 1 ). In an earlier study, 87% of 77 dogs in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve were seropositive for rickettsiae ( 2 ); the ticks in that study were collected from 40 of those dogs.…”

Exposure of free‐ranging capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) to the vaccinia virus

“…The serology results have their limitations, namely the chance of falsepositive and false-negative results; however, the techniques used were standardized and have established cut-off values (Kroon et al, 2016). Moreover, VACV DNA has been detected in primates (Sapajus nigritus and Alouatta caraya) (Abrahão et al, 2010), and hunting/domestic (Costa et al, 2019;Fiorello et al, 2017) and farm dogs (Peres et al, 2016). It is noteworthy that among the species investigated in this study, only capybaras showed positive serology results in an area without BV outbreaks or in any other report of animals that tested positive for the VACV.…”

The triad “dogs, conservation and zoonotic diseases” – An old and still neglected problem in Brazil

“…(leishmaniasis), Leptospira interrogans (leptospirosis), Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), Neospora caninum (neosporosis), Dirofilaria immitis (dirofilariasis/heartworm disease), Brucella canis (brucellosis), Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies), Echinococcus spp. (echinococcosis), Rickettsia rickettsii (Brazilian spotted fever), different canine viruses (e.g., distemper virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus), rabies virus, among other pathogens, to both humans and wildlife (Craig et al, 1992;Fiorello et al, 2006Fiorello et al, , 2017Dantas-Torres, 2007;Labruna et al, 2007;Pinter et al, 2008;Piranda et al, 2008;Yabsley et al, 2008;Moraes-Filho et al, 2009;Brunetti et al, 2011;Ogrzewalska et al, 2012;Furtado et al, 2013;Millán et al, 2013;Parrish et al, 2015;Basano et al, 2016;Campos et al, 2016;Curi et al, 2016;Doherty et al, 2017;Lessa et al, 2016;Faccini-Martínez et al, 2017). Importantly, dogs are amplifier hosts of different pathogens (Dantas-Torres, 2007;Piranda et al, 2011;Szabó et al, 2013), which means that they can develop infection at sufficient levels to infect other species, such as vectors, increasing the disease transmission (Kilpatrick and Altizer, 2010;Labruna et al, 2011;Piranda et al, 2011).…”

“…The interaction of domestic dogs with wildlife is a driver for disease emergence/re-emergence in dogs, humans, and in native animals (Lessa et al, 2016;Fiorello et al, 2017). The transmission of a particular pathogen from domestic dogs to wild animals will depend on various factors, including the susceptibility of the wild species, the pathogen circulation among dogs, and the contact of dogs with the wildlife (Fiorello et al, 2006).…”

“…Humans and our most classical companion animals (cats and dogs) share more than 60 parasitic zoonoses (Macpherson, 2005), which shows that many microorganisms capable to infect dogs can also infect humans. Indeed, different studies have shown that dogs are pathogen reservoirs or amplifiers hosts with an important role in the transmission risk of some zoonotic diseases to humans, evidencing that dogs can act as "bridges" for the transmission of pathogens between wild animals and human (Craig et al, 1992;Dantas-Torres, 2007;Pinter et al, 2008;Salb et al, 2008;Brunetti et al, 2011;Piranda et al, 2011;Ramírez et al, 2013;Szabó et al, 2013;Campos et al, 2016;Fiorello et al, 2017).…”