Multiple Hybrid Genotypes of Leishmania (Viannia) in a Focus of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Nolder, Debbie; Roncal, Norma; Davies, Clive R.; Llanos‐Cuentas, Alejandro; Miles, Michael A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.573

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this regard, studies in particular endemic areas such as the Darien province near the Colombian border are necessary to confirm the taxonomy of Leishmania parasites that infect humans in these communities. Furthermore, the frequent reports of Leishmania Viannia hybrids causing CL in humans, 34 and more recently the implication of this subgenus in mucocutaneous clinical forms, 35 warrants the need to further study the taxonomy of Leishmania species circulating in the country and its epidemiologic implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Panama

Miranda¹,

Carrasco²,

Paz³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. American tegumentary leishmaniasis is an increasing public health problem in Panama. This study describes the clinical characteristics and the molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Panama over a 5-year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). Additionally, we applied a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) -based assay to identify Leishmania species in clinical isolates, skin scrapings, and sandflies specimens. Whereas 60.3% of cases were detected with conventional parasitologic techniques (smear or in vitro culture), the PCR detected 72% positive patients. Our clinical-epidemiologic data corroborate the high incidence of L. ( Viannia ) panamensis and provide evidence of peridomestic and/or domestic transmission. Mucosal involvement was observed in 4.2% of the patients. The overall natural infection rate with Leishmania in 103 pools of sandflies was 0.46%. Lutzomyia gomezi and Lutzomya panamensis were the prevalent species incriminated as vectors at the capture sites in central Panama. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the current epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Panama.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Panama

Miranda¹,

Carrasco²,

Paz³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…L. braziliensis/L. peruviana hybrids were found to be quite common in a Peruvian focus where both species can occur sympatrically (Nolder et al 2007). In some MCL patients the hybrids were the only organisms isolated.…”

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confidence: 98%

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

2010

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S U M M A R YMolecular approaches are being used increasingly for epidemiological studies of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases. Several molecular markers resolving genetic differences between Leishmania parasites at species and strain levels have been developed to address key epidemiological and population genetic questions. The current gold standard, multilocus enzyme typing (MLEE), needs cultured parasites and lacks discriminatory power. PCR assays identifying species directly with clinical samples have proven useful in numerous field studies. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is potentially the most powerful phylogenetic approach and will, most probably, replace MLEE in the future. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) is able to discriminate below the zymodeme level and seems to be the best candidate for becoming the gold standard for distinction of strains. Population genetic studies by MLMT revealed geographical and hierarchic population structure in L. tropica, L. major and the L. donovani complex. The existence of hybrids and gene flow between Leishmania populations suggests that sexual recombination is more frequent than previously thought. However, typing and analytical tools need to be further improved. Accessible databases should be created and sustained for integrating data obtained by different researchers. This would allow for global analyses and help to avoid biases in analyses due to small sample sizes.

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“…This clinical polymorphism may result from variability either in the host immune response or in the parasite pathogenic diversity. This heterogeneity is thought to result in gradual accumulation of divergent mutations, sexual recombination (Nolder et al, 2007;Ravel et al, 2006), genetic exchange and hybridization (Jenni et al, 1986;Gaunt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in a central province of Iran

Eslami

Anvarii

Ebadi

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran is usually caused by Leishmania major or L. tropica. However, the direct examination or the cultures of biopsies for diagnosis are not very sensitive. The objective of this study was to identify the responsible species obtained from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the reference laboratory at Yazd in Iran during 2010-2011 using parasitological and molecular assays. After completing a clinical/epidemiologic data questionnaire for 145 patients with suspected skin lesions, scraping samples were collected. Each specimen was examined using both direct microscopy and molecular assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Location of the lesions included 47.7% on hands, 30.7% on face, 15.4% on feet, and the remainder on other regions. Out of 145 samples, Leishman body was observed in 52 by direct smear and 73 by PCR assay. Molecular assay indicated 36 cases as L. major, 36 cases as L. tropica and one case as unknown. In conclusion, molecular characterization showed changing profile of Leishmania species in the study area which may have implications on treatment and/or control strategies. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Multiple Hybrid Genotypes of Leishmania (Viannia) in a Focus of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cited by 106 publications

References 36 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Panama

Molecular Epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Panama

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

The changing profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in a central province of Iran

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