Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

Abubakar, Yassir F.; Meng, Zhefeng; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Xu, Jianqing

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080487

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This study revealed that CRF01_AE was the most prevalent HIV-1 strains among heterosexuals (43.86%) in Jiangsu. In recent years, the persistence of multiple lineages of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains indicated that certain transmission networks might facilitate the transmission of HIV-1 [25, 26]. Of note, previous studies indicated that patients infected with CRF01_AE had a faster progression to AIDS than with other HIV-1 subtypes, which is associated with a high proportion of X4 tropism [27, 28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 genotype diversity and distribution characteristics among heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province, China

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2019

Virol J

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Background Heterosexual transmission has contributed greatly to the current HIV-1 epidemic in China. However, the HIV-1 genetic characteristics in the heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province remained unclear. Methods A molecular epidemiological investigation on heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 was conducted across Jiangsu province. 301 HIV-1 patients infected through heterosexual transmission were involved in this study. The epidemiological information was investigated by trained staff via face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were taken from each patient, HIV-1 RNA was extracted from the plasma, and used for amplifying the gag and env genes followed by further products sequencing. The genotypes of HIV-1 were determined using phylogenetic tree analyses in the neighbor-joining method. Results A total of 262 samples were successfully taken for genotyping. The main subtypes which accounted for 90.5% of all HIV-1 strains are CRF01_AE (45.4%), CRF07_BC (21.4%), subtype B (12.6%), CRF08_BC (11.1%). Minor subtypes were also detected, such as CRF68_01B, subtype C, CRF55_01B, CRF02_AG and subtype A. Time trend analysis suggested the prevalence of subtype B and CRF08_BC decreased gradually, but the prevalence of CRF01_AE increased over time. A relatively higher prevalence of CRF07_BC in Central Jiangsu and subtype B were detected in South Jiangsu, while a relatively lower prevalence of subtype B and CRF08_BC were detected in Central Jiangsu. Conclusion Complex and unbalanced HIV distribution characteristics suggest that heterosexual transmission of HIV needs to be taken seriously. It is necessary to implement more effective and comprehensive intervention strategies for further control of HIV-1 dissemination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 genotype diversity and distribution characteristics among heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province, China

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2019

Virol J

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“…As of late, cases of HIV-1 transmission between neighbouring countries are being reported with increased frequency, due mainly to the greater availability of viral genomic sequences. For instance in China, phylogenetic studies have shown that multiple CRF01_AE lineages circulating in the country were originated from Southeast Asia (Thailand and Vietnam) through independent transmission events [9] – [11] . Likewise, purported transmission of subtype C from India to China set off a chain of events including the generation of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC in China, followed by the sequential migration of CRF07_BC to Taiwan among injecting drug users (IDU) [12] , [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Sexual Transmission of the Newly Emerging HIV-1 Clade CRF51_01B

Cheong

Ong

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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A novel HIV-1 recombinant clade (CRF51_01B) was recently identified among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Singapore. As cases of sexually transmitted HIV-1 infection increase concurrently in two socioeconomically intimate countries such as Malaysia and Singapore, cross transmission of HIV-1 between said countries is highly probable. In order to investigate the timeline for the emergence of HIV-1 CRF51_01B in Singapore and its possible introduction into Malaysia, 595 HIV-positive subjects recruited in Kuala Lumpur from 2008 to 2012 were screened. Phylogenetic relationship of 485 amplified polymerase gene sequences was determined through neighbour-joining method. Next, near-full length sequences were amplified for genomic sequences inferred to be CRF51_01B and subjected to further analysis implemented through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling and maximum likelihood methods. Based on the near full length genomes, two isolates formed a phylogenetic cluster with CRF51_01B sequences of Singapore origin, sharing identical recombination structure. Spatial and temporal information from Bayesian MCMC coalescent and maximum likelihood analysis of the protease, gp120 and gp41 genes suggest that Singapore is probably the country of origin of CRF51_01B (as early as in the mid-1990s) and featured a Malaysian who acquired the infection through heterosexual contact as host for its ancestral lineages. CRF51_01B then spread rapidly among the MSM in Singapore and Malaysia. Although the importation of CRF51_01B from Singapore to Malaysia is supported by coalescence analysis, the narrow timeframe of the transmission event indicates a closely linked epidemic. Discrepancies in the estimated divergence times suggest that CRF51_01B may have arisen through multiple recombination events from more than one parental lineage. We report the cross transmission of a novel CRF51_01B lineage between countries that involved different sexual risk groups. Understanding the cross-border transmission of HIV-1 involving sexual networks is crucial for effective intervention strategies in the region.

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“…In 2013, Kondo et al 15 reported that there were at least two distinct clades of CRF01_AE among Chinese MSM population, but we can not confirmed they would relate to the same as referred in Feng’s 12 and Abubakar’s study. 16 To define this intra-subtype might be used to provide an argument for extending the official nomenclature to demonstrate the sub-subtype in HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel HIV-1 intra-circulating recombinant form 01_AE in China: a descendant of the previously identified CRF01_AE transmission clusters 1 and 6

Ning

Tang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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We report here a novel HIV-1 intra-CRF01_AE recombinant form (CRF01-1AE/CRF01-6AE) composed of CRF01_AE transmission clusters 1 and 6, identified among heterosexuals in Fujian, with one breakpoint observed in vif gene. The CRF01_AE region I (HXB2: 868-5184) of the recombinant was clustered with the CRF01_AE transmission cluster 1, which is mainly circulating among IDUs and heterosexuals from the southern and southwestern China, with the support of 100% bootstrap value. The CRF01_AE region II (HXB2: 5185-9605) of the recombinant was clustered with the CRF01_AE transmission cluster 6, which is mainly prevailing among heterosexuals from southern China, with the support of 100% bootstrap value. To our best knowledge, this is the first detection of a novel HIV-1 intra-CRF01_AE recombinant form (CRF01-1_AE/CRF01-6_AE) in Fujian Province, which indicates ongoing active HIV-1 transmission among heterosexuals in this region. It may help illustrate CRF01_AE genetic diversity and contribute to our understanding of HIV-1 epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development.

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Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

HIV-1 genotype diversity and distribution characteristics among heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province, China

HIV-1 genotype diversity and distribution characteristics among heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province, China

Cross-Border Sexual Transmission of the Newly Emerging HIV-1 Clade CRF51_01B

Identification of a novel HIV-1 intra-circulating recombinant form 01_AE in China: a descendant of the previously identified CRF01_AE transmission clusters 1 and 6

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