Multiple Input Multiple Output with Antenna Number Modulation and Adaptive Antenna Selection

Abstract

Multiple input multiple output system with antenna number modulation (MIMO-ANM) is proposed in this paper as a novel transmission method that can be used instead of conventional MIMO with spatial modulation (MIMO-SM) for providing more advantageous and reliable data transmission in future wireless systems. In this scheme, the additional data bits are conveyed by changing the number of active transmit antennas instead of their indices while the number of receive antennas is kept singular. As such, MIMO-ANM is different from MIMO-SM as it can make the selection of the antennas in MIMO to be both channel and data dependent at the same time, resulting in what is called MIMO-ANM with adaptive antenna selection (MIMO-ANM-AAS), while MIMO-SM is unable to make the selection of the antennas channel-dependent because the indices of the selected antenna are purely data-dependent. By using such a transmission scheme, the overall reliability of the transmitted data stream can significantly be improved, which characterizes MIMO-ANM-AAS with much lower bit errors compared to MIMO-SM. In this paper, the concepts of MIMO-ANM and MIMO-ANM-AAS are established on the basis of conventional MIMO using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) symbol modulation over a Rayleigh fading channel. The validity of the system is investigated, where analytical and simulation results showing the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system are given. The numerical computer simulations furthermore compare the performances of MIMO-ANM-AAS with MIMO-SM to show its superiority, and the advantages of the concept are discussed. The acquired results show that MIMO-ANM-AAS offers highly reliable and resilient system thanks to its simultaneous bit transmission by different number of active antennas that can be made adaptive to the channel gains.

Information-Theoretic Analysis of OFDM With Subcarrier Number Modulation

“…To obtain P # for OFDM-IM, the authors in [30] have utilized the principle of Huffman coding by sorting the SAPs by partial SAP-wise mutual information, which is equivalent to relying on the first term n∈NS(k) B log 2 1 + PT|hn| 2 kBN0 in (26). However, this is not optimal for both OFDM-IM and OFDM-SNM systems, because only the partial SAP-wise mutual information pertaining to the symbols carried on the active subcarriers is taken into account.…”

“…Smart detector based on cascaded neural computing is designed to realize low-computational detection of OFDM-SNM blocks [25]. The concept of number modulation has also been transferred to the spatial domain to invent antenna subcarrier modulation (ASM) for multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) systems in [26] and further developed with adaptive antenna selection and a power-domain non-orthogonal multi-access (NOMA) scheme in [27] and [28], respectively.…”

Index Modulation Pattern Design for Non-Orthogonal Multicarrier Signal Waveforms

“…Later, the SD-IM scheme was generalized in [8] to allow multiple activated RX antennas. In addition to the aforementioned SM schemes that utilize the indices of antennas to transmit information, MIMO with Antenna Number Modulation (MIMO-ANM) was developed in [9] which utilizes the number of antennas instead of their indices. By enabling a variable number of activated TX antennas, MIMO-ANM exhibits performance advantage over SM.…”

Joint-Mapping Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Subcarrier Number Modulation

“…In [13], quadrature SM (QSM) was proposed as another means to increase the SE of SM systems by extending the indexing to the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) domains. As a different way to realize IM in the space domain, antenna number modulation (ANM) was proposed in [14] to convey the index bits by changing the number of active transmit antennas, which shows better performance than SM. It is worth noting that only the indices of transmit antennas are used in the aforementioned studies.…”