The rapid development of molecular phylogenetic analysis has provided a new path to investigate the tempo of evolution. In this work, a rather complete molecular phylogeny of the East Asian gobionid fishes was constructed based on mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences. Molecular clock analysis was then applied to investigate the speciation tempo of this group. The phylogenetic analysis revealed four major groups that were in agreement with previous studies. Lineage numbers plotted over time indicate that gobionid lineages increased in an exponential mode with the equation expressed as y = 87.562×e It is estimated that a total of 3−5 million species exist on the earth [1]. Even more species are now extinct. How do these species evolve on the geological time scale? Do new species appear at a constant rate, or does the speciation rate vary in some regular way? These questions have been the major focuses of evolutionary biology for centuries [2]. Traditionally, the tempo of speciation must be tackled by fossil record, while biological study based on extant species can only deal with the "static" problem. However, recent development of molecular systematics has supplied a new path to analyze the tempo of evolution [3,4]. Calibrated by the fossil record, molecular phylogenetic trees can provide information about the relative timing of reconstructed speciation events [5−8], and can be used to estimate speciation rates [9]. Based on the information from molecular phylogenetic trees, the evolutionary mode, and relationships between evolution and environmental conditions can be postulated. For example, Megens et al.[10] suggested large-scale climatic changes taking place in the Miocene had induced the early acceleration of speciation in the butterfly genus Arhopala.Within the past decade, the dramatic development of molecular systematics allows the use of DNA sequence analysis to hypothesize evolutionary relationships among taxa. Meanwhile, hypotheses, models, and methods for analysis of speciation rates have been proposed by various authors. Particularly different software for this analysis has been developed [11]. It can be anticipated that study on speciation tempo will be conducted in many groups and some general conclusions will be drawn in the near future.East Asia contains several highly biodiverse hotspots. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on East Asian plants [12], insects [13], fishes [14,15], amphibians [16] and mammals [17,18], etc. These studies revealed the phylogenetic relationships of these groups, proposed their evolutionary scenarios in geological time scale, and