Multiple Isolations of a Culturable, Motile Ichthyosporean (Mesomycetozoa, Opisthokonta), Creolimax fragrantissima n. gen., n. sp., from Marine Invertebrate Digestive Tracts

Marshall, Wyth L.; Celio, Gail J.; McLaughlin, David J.; Berbee, Mary L.

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.03.003

Cited by 56 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Cafaro 2005;Marshall et al 2008). The Ichthyophonida formed four clades, which are well supported by the bootstrap values and posterior probabilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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ADaphniaParasite (Caullerya mesnili) Constitutes a New Member of the Ichthyosporea, a Group of Protists near the Animal–Fungi Divergence

Lohr

Laforsch

Koerner

et al. 2010

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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ABSTRACT. Caullerya mesnili is a protozoan endoparasite in the gut epithelium of Daphnia, which causes regular epidemics in lakes throughout Europe. Its classification has remained unchanged for over a century, leaving it placed with the Haplosporidia, despite speculation that this position is incorrect. The difficulty in classifying C. mesnili stems from its few known morphological and ecological characteristics, as well as a lack of genetic markers. Here we sequenced the nuclear small subunit (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions of C. mesnili samples from 10 locations. Based on sequence similarities, we suggest the re-classification of C. mesnili to the Ichthyosporea, a class of protists near the animal-fungi divergence. We report average intragenomic variation of 0.75% and 2.27% in the SSU and internal transcribed spacer regions, respectively. From electron micrographs and light microscopy of histological sections we determined that C. mesnili spores grow within the intestinal epithelium where they establish themselves intercellularly. In addition, we confirmed previous accounts regarding the high virulence of this parasite. Caullerya mesnili reduces host lifespan, the number of clutches, and the total number of offspring. This high selection pressure placed on hosts supports the importance of C. mesnili as a model parasite for the study of host-parasite biology in permanent lakes.

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“…Cafaro 2005;Marshall et al 2008). The Ichthyophonida formed four clades, which are well supported by the bootstrap values and posterior probabilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…and Amoebidium parasiticum. Psorospermium haeckeli on the other hand constituted its own group (as in Marshall et al 2008), as did all the uncultured eukaryotes that grouped with C. mesnili. Finally, there was a fourth group consisting of Anurofeca richardsi, Creolimax fragrantissima, Pseudoperkinsus tapetis, and Sphaeroforma arctica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADaphniaParasite (Caullerya mesnili) Constitutes a New Member of the Ichthyosporea, a Group of Protists near the Animal–Fungi Divergence

Lohr

Laforsch

Koerner

et al. 2010

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…As I noted when establishing the clade filozoa for animals, choanoflagellates, and Filasterea (ShalchianTabrizi et al 2008), these three taxa each ancestrally had slender finger-like tentacles, probably all supported by an internal axoneme of parallel actin filaments as in choanoflagellates (Karpov and Leadbeater 1998). It has since been found that at least four genera of sphaeroformine Ichthyosporea have a large number of slender tubules with dense internal contents projecting from the plasma membrane into the space between it and their vegetative cell wall (Marshall and Berbee 2011;Marshall et al 2008). Because of the close similarity in appearance of these tubules with the tentacles of the filasterean Ministeria (Cavalier-Smith and Chao 2003b) I suggest they are homologous and may also contain an internal actin skeleton, possibly somewhat less regular than that of choanoflagellate tentacles.…”

Section: Revision Of Choanozoa the Ancestral Opisthokont Phylummentioning

confidence: 99%

Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa

Cavalier‐Smith

2013

European Journal of Protistology

177

194

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“…Ichthyosporeans consist of two orders; Dermocystida and Ichthyophonida. Observations under cultured conditions have been conducted on two species from Ichthyophonida: Creolimax fragrantissima (Marshall et al, 2008), and Sphaeroforma arctica (Jøstensen et al, 2002). Their cells have a spherical or ovoid cell shape, and a large central vacuole (Marshall et al, 2008).…”

Section: Cellularisation Of a Syncytium As Observed In The Ichthyospomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations under cultured conditions have been conducted on two species from Ichthyophonida: Creolimax fragrantissima (Marshall et al, 2008), and Sphaeroforma arctica (Jøstensen et al, 2002). Their cells have a spherical or ovoid cell shape, and a large central vacuole (Marshall et al, 2008). The ichthyosporean C. fragrantissima first forms multinucleate syncytial colonies by synchronous nuclear division, and then becomes cellularised .…”

Section: Cellularisation Of a Syncytium As Observed In The Ichthyospomentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of choanocytes and choanocyte chambers and their role in the sponge stem cell system

Sogabe¹

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Metazoan multicellularity required the evolution of cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell-cell adhesion and communication, along with complex gene regulatory networks and the emergence of a stem cell system. Choanocytes, the collared feeding cells in sponges, have been extensively compared to choanoflagellates, the closest sister group to metazoans due to their morphological similarities and their capacity to form multicellular structures. Recently available genomic and transcriptomic data alongside observational studies on the multicellular colonies in choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, revealed many genes shared with metazoans are upregulated only when the S. rosetta cells form colonies, while there has been little progress made on understanding the development of sponge choanocyte chambers. Choanocytes have also been suggested as playing a part in the sponge stem cell system, but again, there is limited knowledge on their general biology. To expand our understanding on this unique feeding cell that has potential stem cell capacities as well as a long-suggested homology with a closely related unicellular holozoan, I investigated molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of choanocyte chambers in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica.During my PhD, I have documented the formation and maintenance of choanocyte chambers in detail using cell trackers and proliferation assays, showing their dynamic nature in the sponge body as part of the stem cell system. Contrary to previous studies in sponges as well as choanoflagellates, I found that choanocyte chamber development is not always clonal, and a chamber is not always comprised of a clonal cell population. After metamorphosis, choanocytes in these chambers are also capable of dedifferentiating into archeocytes, which can subsequently differentiate into multiple cell types including new choanocyte chambers. I propose that choanocyte chambers in A. queenslandica are playing a central role in the stem cell system, increasing and maintaining the stem cell population. I have also identified genes uniquely expressed in choanocytes, as well as archeocytes (primary stem cells) and pinacocytes (epithelial cells) by manually isolating these cell types from adult sponges, which was sequenced using CEL-Seq. From this, I have obtained a reliable transcriptome for three major cell types comprising the sponge body plan. A number of analyses on the A. queenslandica choanocyte transcriptome and publicly available choanoflagellate datasets, show no strong evidence of a shared gene repertoire between choanocytes and choanoflagellates. This thesis provides a detailed documentation of choanocyte chambers and their biology in the sponge body, along with developing a number of lab-based III techniques and cell-type specific transcriptomes to be utilized for further investigation on the sponge stem cell system and the evolution of metazoan multicellularity.

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Multiple Isolations of a Culturable, Motile Ichthyosporean (Mesomycetozoa, Opisthokonta), Creolimax fragrantissima n. gen., n. sp., from Marine Invertebrate Digestive Tracts

Cited by 56 publications

References 64 publications

ADaphniaParasite (Caullerya mesnili) Constitutes a New Member of the Ichthyosporea, a Group of Protists near the Animal–Fungi Divergence

ADaphniaParasite (Caullerya mesnili) Constitutes a New Member of the Ichthyosporea, a Group of Protists near the Animal–Fungi Divergence

Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa

The biology of choanocytes and choanocyte chambers and their role in the sponge stem cell system

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