Multiple maternal origins of native modern and ancient horse populations in China

Lei, Chuzhao; Su, Rui; Bower, Mim A.; Edwards, Ceiridwen J.; Wang, X. B.; Song, Weining; Liu, L.; Xie, Wenmei; Li, F.; Liu, R. Y.; Zhang, Y. S.; Zhang, C. M.; Chen, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01950.x

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…But the very high mitochondrial haplotype diversity in horses is a well-known fact (Cardinali et al, 2016;Gemingguli et al, 2016). Multiple, widespread and repeated domestication of diverse founder mares as well as mixed origin of most breeds are considered as likely causes for this phenomenon (Cozzi et al, 2004;McGahern et al, 2006a;Lei et al, 2009). In agreement with previous studies, only one to three horses share the same haplotype (Cozzi et al, 2004;Lei et al, 2009;Achilli et al, 2012;Bigi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple, widespread and repeated domestication of diverse founder mares as well as mixed origin of most breeds are considered as likely causes for this phenomenon (Cozzi et al, 2004;McGahern et al, 2006a;Lei et al, 2009). In agreement with previous studies, only one to three horses share the same haplotype (Cozzi et al, 2004;Lei et al, 2009;Achilli et al, 2012;Bigi et al, 2014). The haplotype diversity of Kabardian (0.980) is similar to that of the additional investigated Asian horses or higher.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Khaudov¹,

Duduev²,

Kokov³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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Studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome help to understand the origin and distribution of maternal and paternal lineages. The Kabardian horse from Northern Caucasia which is well-known for strength, stamina and endurance in distance riding has a large gap in its breeding documentation especially in the recent past. A 309 bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop (156 Kabardian horses) and six mutations in Y chromosome (49 Kabardian stallions), respectively, were analyzed to get a better insight into breeding history, phylogenetic relationship to related breeds, maternal and paternal diversity and genetic structure. We found a high mitochondrial diversity represented by 64 D-loop haplotypes out of 14 haplogroups. The most frequent haplogroups were G (19.5%), L (12.3%), Q (11.7%), and B (11.0%). Although these four haplogroups are also frequently found in Asian riding horses (e.g. Buryat, Kirghiz, Mongolian, Transbaikalian, Tuvinian) the percentage of the particular haplogroups varies sometimes remarkable. In contrast, the obtained haplogroup pattern from Kabardian horse was more similar to that of breeds reared in the Middle East. No specific haplotype cluster was observed in the phylogenetic tree for Kabardian horses. On Kabardian Y chromosome, two mutations were found leading to three haplotypes with a percentage of 36.7% (haplotype HT1), 38.8% (haplotype HT2) and 24.5% (haplotype HT3), respectively. The high mitochondrial and also remarkable paternal diversity of the Kabardian horse is caused by its long history with a widely spread maternal origin and the introduction of Arabian as well as Thoroughbred influenced stallions for improvement. This high genetic diversity provides a good situation for the ongoing breed development and performance selection as well as avoiding inbreeding.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Khaudov¹,

Duduev²,

Kokov³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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“…As a strategic military asset, governments paid much attention to horse breeding throughout Chinese history. Some archaeological evidence and genetic data supports China as one of the earliest areas of horse domestication (Lei et al, 2009). China has rich horse genetic resources, the number of domestic horses in China was 7.639 million in 2004 (Statistic report in China, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of mtDNA D-loop and Maternal Origin of Three Chinese Native Horse Breeds

Zhang¹,

Lu²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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ABSTRACT:In order to protect the genetic resource of native horse breeds, the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop of three native horse breeds in western China were investigated. Forty-three 600 bp mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed by PCR and sequencing techniques, 33 unique haplotypes with 70 polymorphic sites were detected in these horses, which account for 11.67% of 600 bp sequence analyzed, showing the abundant genetic diversity of the three native horse breeds in western China. The Neighbour-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 247 bp of 43 D-loop sequences demonstrated the presence of seven major lineages (A to G), indicating that the three native horse breeds in western China originated from multiple maternal origins. Consistent with the front, the NJ phylogenetic tree based on 600 bp of mtDNA D-loop sequences of 43 Chinese western native horses and 81 sequences of six horse breeds from GenBank indicated that the three horse breeds had distributed into the seven major lineages (A to G). The structure of the phylogenic tree is often blurred because the variation in a short segment of the mitochondrial genome is often accompanied by high levels of recurrent mutations. Consequently, longer D-loop sequences are helpful in achieving a higher level of molecular resolution in horses.

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“…In this study, we generate complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Jianchang horse and the complete mtDNA mitochondrial genome was used for phylogenetical analysis. The diversity and origin of the domestic horses in China by mtDNA D-loop have been reported [8]. However, the mtDNA D-loop sequence was not fully show the diversity and origin of the Jianchang horse breeds in the southwest regions of China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chinese Jianchang Horse (Equus caballus)

Xiao¹,

Yang²

2015

Clon Transgen

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The Jianchang horse is a small horse breed that is popular in China, particularly in the southwest regions of China. The Jianchang horse breed is from the mountainous regions of Liangshan in the Sichuan Province, and has excellent mountainous adaptation when compared to other horses. It was domesticated to fulfill local people's needs for riding and transport across mountainous regions over 1000 years ago.Jianchang horses are well known to be quiet, hardy, powerful, and not vulnerable to environmental stress, these attribute to work effortlessly in the mountainous regions of China. As shown in Figure 1, it is typically small with an average height of 110 cm to 120 cm and a weight of 180 kg to 250 kg. It has small ears and head, long and dense bristle, and caudal seta and mane. It has a sloped croup, slender but well-developed legs, and hard hooves. Its hair is mainly in the bay color, but other colors like black appear occasionally [1].The sequence diversity of the mtDNA control region has been used for analyzing the origin and diversification of domestic horses [2][3][4]. It is widely believed that horses were domesticated from one or several ancestral horse populations [5][6][7]. However, information on its origin and evolution is still limited. In this study, we generate complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Jianchang horse and the complete mtDNA mitochondrial genome was used for phylogenetical analysis. The diversity and origin of the domestic horses in China by mtDNA D-loop have been reported [8]. However, the mtDNA D-loop sequence was not fully show the diversity and origin of the Jianchang horse breeds in the southwest regions of China. It is the first time that molecular evidences were provided for the origin of the Jianchang horse population. AbstractThe Jianchang horse (Equus caballus), a famous breed in the southwest regions of China, has excellent mountainous adaptation. The domestic Jianchang horse is popular in China, but information on its origin and evolution is still limited. In this study, we generate complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Jianchang horse. It is 16,614 bp in length, containing 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and and a noncoding control region (D-loop region). And it was found to be similar to other horse mitochondrial genomes. However, there were 105 nucleotide substitutions in the 13 protein-coding genes. The phylogenetic tree analysis was shown that Jianchang horse was significantly clustered as the clade with Debao and Yunnan horse. This genomic data provides useful information for further studies on the genetic diversity and origin of the Jianchang horse population.

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Multiple maternal origins of native modern and ancient horse populations in China

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Genetic Diversity of mtDNA D-loop and Maternal Origin of Three Chinese Native Horse Breeds

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chinese Jianchang Horse (Equus caballus)

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