Multiple measurement analysis of resting-state fMRI for ADHD classification in adolescent brain from the ABCD study

Wang, Zhaobin; Zhou, Xiaocheng; Gui, Yuanyuan; Liu, Manhua; Lu, Hui

doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02309-5

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Brain imaging techniques have been largely applied to the study of ADHD, where magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed smaller global brain volumes in ADHD subjects, particularly children ( 48 , 49 ). Moreover, neuroimaging literature on ADHD is inconclusive with small effect sizes unable to inform clinical practice ( 50 ) as these differences are not specific to ADHD, where neuroimaging studies on other developmental disorders, such as autism, have also shown similar differences in brain volume ( 51 , 52 ) when compared to controls.…”

Section: Executive Dysfunction Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Isaac,

Lopez,

Escobar

2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, that continues to have an elusive etiological background. A number of extant models and theories have historically intended to explain the many factors contributing to ADHD behaviors. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the executive dysfunction theory associating reduction in executive control to abnormalities in structure and operational dysfunction of dopaminergic signaling networks. Nevertheless, executive functions are not always impaired in ADHD, and the literature describes other symptoms commonly reported suggesting individuals with ADHD would appear to suffer from a more general deficit. Another existing line of research, that has gained much attention recently, establishes that ADHD would have dysregulated states of brain arousal that would account for its commonly observed cognitive deficits and behavioral symptoms, described as the state regulation theory, which has now included measures of autonomic function. This article describes some important aspects that compose and challenge these two most influential theoretical constructs, executive dysfunction and state-regulation, based on their empirical evidence, implying the need to reevaluate the norms used to classify individuals and establish ADHD diagnosis. Large number of controversial results continue to exist within the study of ADHD biological and/or performance markers, possibly due to such heterogeneity and variability within the same diagnosis. The need to resolve these issues and establish newly revised diagnostic criteria for ADHD is critical, as therapeutic success depends on having accurately identified underlying neurophysiological factors in order to appropriately address them in treatment.

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Section: Executive Dysfunction Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Isaac,

Lopez,

Escobar

2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…To analyze the nonparametric correlations of multiple input variables, we used a random forest-based feature selection Boruta algorithm 63 . Its robustness and effectiveness in selecting relevant features in high dimensional, intercorrelated biomedical data (e.g., MRI) has been validated 63 and consistently applied in genetics and neuroscience research [64][65][66] . The variables significantly correlated with delay discounting (p-Bonferroni<0.05) were GPS of cognitive performance, IQ, and education attainment; morphometric features (e.g., surface area, volume) in the limbic system (temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, rostral anterior cingulate, isthmus cingulate), inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), and fusiform gyrus; mean beta activations of rewards/losses versus neutral feedback in the subcortical areas (thalamus proper, ventral diencephalon), precentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, temporal lobe (transverse temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus), and insula (Supplementary Table 4).…”

Section: Delay Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in the Effects of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Economic Decision Making and Psychotic Risk in Children

Park

Cho

Lee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Delay discounting is linked to developmental trajectories of cognition and the brain, as well as psychopathology, such as psychosis. Although childhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with both increased delay discounting and a higher incidence of psychotic disorders, the genetic and neural basis of these associations remains unclear. This study examined the causal relationships between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, delay discounting, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in 2,135 preadolescent children using machine learning-based causal inference methods. We found that neighborhood deprivation, as measured by the Area Deprivation Index, had significant causal effects on delay discounting (β= -1.7297, p-FDR= 0.0258) and 1-year and 2-year follow-up PLEs (β= 1.3425~1.8721, p-FDR≤ 0.0291). Furthermore, our analysis revealed significant heterogeneous causal effects of neighborhood deprivation on PLEs (p-FDR<0.005). The subgroups most vulnerable to these causal effects exhibited steeper discounting of future rewards, higher polygenic scores for educational attainment, reduced structural volume/area/white matter in the parahippocampal, right temporal pole, and right pars opercularis, and greater functional activation in the limbic system during Monetary Incentives Delay tasks. Our findings highlight the importance of a bioecological framework and the involvement of the mesocorticolimbic system in the causal relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and the risk of psychosis during childhood. Overall, our results support that enhancing the residential socioeconomic environment could positively influence child development.

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“…These studies motivate the need to discover ADHD biotypes with homogeneous structural or functional signatures. To date, eight studies have identified ADHD biotypes using different neuroimaging measures, such as structural morphology (16,17), functional connectivity (18)(19)(20)(21), and combinations of both features (22,23). These results have already begun to provide insights into the neurophysiological heterogeneity of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative growth modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in children with ADHD

Bu,

Zhao,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Neuroimaging studies suggest substantial individual heterogeneity in brain phenotypes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, how these individual-level brain phenotypes contribute to the identification of ADHD biotypes and whether these biotypes have different treatment outcomes and neurobiological underpinnings remain largely unknown. Methods We collected multisite, high-quality structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,006 children aged 6-14 years, including 351 children with ADHD and 655 typically developing children. Normative growth models of cortical thickness were established for 219 regions in the typically developing children. Individual-level deviations from these normal references were quantified and clustered to identify ADHD biotypes. We validated the replicability and generalizability of the ADHD biotypes using two independent datasets and evaluated the associations of the biotypes with symptomatic, cognitive, and gene expression profiles, as well as follow-up treatment outcomes. Findings No more than 10% of children with ADHD had extreme deviations in cortical thickness in a single region, suggesting high heterogeneity among individuals with ADHD. On the basis of the brain deviation maps, we discovered two robust ADHD biotypes, an infra-normal subtype with cortical thinning associated with ADHD symptoms and a supranormal subtype with cortical thickening associated with cognition. Patients with the infra-normal subtype responded better to methylphenidate than to atomoxetine, although both subtypes showed treatment efficacy. Brain deviations in the infra-normal subtype were explained by the expression levels of genes enriched in presynaptic and axonal development and polygenic risk of ADHD. Interpretation We identified anatomically distinct, clinically valuable, and biologically informed ADHD subtypes, providing insight into the neurobiological basis of clinical heterogeneity and facilitating a personalized medication strategy for ADHD patients.

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Multiple measurement analysis of resting-state fMRI for ADHD classification in adolescent brain from the ABCD study

Cited by 21 publications

References 76 publications

Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Individual Differences in the Effects of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Economic Decision Making and Psychotic Risk in Children

Normative growth modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in children with ADHD

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