Multiple pathways to global city formation: A functional approach and review of recent evidence in China

Spatial hierarchy and emerging typologies inside world city network

“…Another study, within the framework of so called "functional-status-genetic typology" divided all global cities in Europe into 4 groups of cities according to their administrative status and specificity of hierarchical relations in the home country (Kurasov, 2009). The functional analysis of global cities in modern China shows three "pathways" of global cities clearly different from each other (Chubarov, Brooker, 2013). "Global capital city" Beijing has administrative, management, scientific, educational, cultural, and creative specialization inside the WCN.…”

Assessing the Driving Forces Influencing World City Formation in Shanghai Based upon PLS-SEM Approach

“…Apart from the first item of social and cultural factor construct, the study of proliferation of education and international student admission are also occupying another relative important position in this construct (Douglass, 2000). Admittedly, the quantity of international conferences and activities incorporated into a city play a dominant role in reinforcing its world city reputation (Chubarov & Brooker, 2013). Meanwhile, the conception of urban population size and labour forces are fairly suggested by some scholars, in particular the enlargement of population threshold of urban space, as well as its urban labour forces, will ensuring a lower possibility of labour shortage ,which is close related to urban development (Krugman, 1991).…”

“…For instance, Derudder, Taylor, Witlox, and Catalano (2003), Yusuf and Wu (2002),F. L. , Chubarov & Brooker (2013) and Li and Dawood (2016) concentrated on Shanghai and Beijing as the case study, they also focused on comparative study and inter-city network analysis. This kind of holistic studies of developing countries in Asia significantly contributes to the breakthrough of the world cities research trajectory.…”

Building a “Headquarters Economy”: The geography of headquarters within Beijing and its implications for urban restructuring

“…As an emerging ''global capital city'' (Chubarov & Brooker, 2013), the urban structure of Beijing has evolved from a monocentric model to polycentric one (Feng, Wang, & Zhou, 2009;Qin & Han, 2013). At the same time, Beijing is suffering from problems like the expansion of the central built-up area, traffic congestion, air pollution and other urban issues.…”