Multiple Phantom Limbs in a Child

Lacroix, Renée; Melzack, Ronald; Smith, Deanne; Mitchell, N.

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80159-1

Cited by 47 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Interestingly, one subject with a congenital limb defect reported phantom sensations that occurred several times a week and were experienced as`moderately bothering'. The occurrence of phantom pain in subjects with a congenital limb defect was reported before by other authors (Weinstein and Sersen, 1961;Weinstein et al, 1964;Lacroix et al, 1992;Saadah and Melzack, 1994;Wilkins et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

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Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study

Kooijman

Dijkstra

Geertzen

et al. 2000

Pain

436

316

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Phantom pain in subjects with an amputated limb is a well-known problem. However, estimates of the prevalence of phantom pain differ considerably in the literature. Various factors associated with phantom pain have been described including pain before the amputation, gender, dominance, and time elapsed since the amputation. The purposes of this study were to determine prevalence and factors associated with phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees in The Netherlands. Additionally, the relationship between phantom pain, phantom sensations and prosthesis use in upper limb amputees was investigated. One hundred twenty-four upper limb amputees participated in this study. Subjects were asked to fill out a self-developed questionnaire scoring the following items: date, side, level, and reason of amputation, duration of experienced pain before amputation, frequencies with which phantom sensations, phantom pain, and stump pain are experienced, amount of trouble and suffering experienced, respectively, related to these sensations, type of phantom sensations, medical treatment received for phantom pain and/or stump pain, and the effects of the treatment, self medication, and prosthesis use. The response rate was 80%. The prevalence of phantom pain was 51%, of phantom sensations 76% and of stump pain 49%; 48% of the subjects experienced phantom pain a few times per day or more; 64% experienced moderate to very much suffering from the phantom pain. A significant association was found between phantom pain and phantom sensations (relative risk 11.3) and between phantom pain and stump pain (relative risk 1.9). No other factors associated with phantom pain or phantom sensations could be determined. Only four patients received medical treatment for their phantom pain. Phantom pain is a common problem in upper limb amputees that causes considerable suffering for the subjects involved. Only a minority of subjects are treated for phantom pain. Further research is needed to determine factors associated with phantom pain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…A reduction of phantom pain in time is sometimes suggested (Jensen et al, 1983(Jensen et al, , 1985Sherman et al, 1984;Melzack, 1992). However, until now there has been no evidence that the time since the amputation is associated with the prevalence or incidence of phantom pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study

Kooijman

Dijkstra

Geertzen

et al. 2000

Pain

436

316

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“…Apart from the high incidence of pain in post-amputation phantoms, which contrasts with a virtual absence of painful congenital phantoms (Melzack et al 1997), the phenomenologies of the two types of phantoms are comparable. In both cases, postural and movement sensations predominate (Poeck 1969;Melzack et al 1997) while thermal sensations are rare (Lacroix et al 1992). Importantly, visual inspection of other peoples' bodies can trigger phantom sensations in amputees (Henderson and Smyth 1948) and people with limb aplasia (Melzack et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand movement observation by individuals born without hands: phantom limb experience constrains visual limb perception

2005

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Increasing evidence suggests that the visual analysis of other people's actions depends upon the observer's own body representation or schema. This raises the question of how differences in observers' body structure and schema impact their perception of human movement. We investigated the visual experiences of two persons born without arms, one with and the other without phantom sensations. These participants, plus six normally-limbed control observers, viewed depictions of upper limb movement under conditions of apparent motion. Consistent with previous results (Shiffrar M, Freyd JJ (1990) Psychol Sci 1:257), normally-limbed observers perceived rate-dependent paths of apparent human movement. Specifically, biologically impossible motion trajectories were reported at rapid display rates while biologically possible trajectories were reported at slow display rates. The aplasic individual with phantom experiences showed the same perceptual pattern as control participants, while the aplasic individual without phantom sensations did not. These preliminary results suggest that phantom experiences may constrain the visual analysis of the human body. These results further suggest that it may be time to move beyond the question of whether aplasic phantoms exist and instead focus on the question of why some people with limb aplasia experience phantom sensations while others do not. In this light, the current results suggest that somesthetic representations are not sufficient to define body schema. Instead, neural systems matching action observation, action execution and motor imagery likely contribute to the definition of body schema in profound ways. Additional research with aplasic individuals, having and lacking phantom sensations, is needed to resolve this issue.

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“…Occasionally, the telescoping may be composed into the sensation of multiple phantoms [58]. Lacroix et al [59] described a case of a 16-year-old lower extremity amputee, who experienced three phantom limbs. A patient with a congenital deformity of her right leg, 10 cm shorter than the left one, at the age of 6 had undergone lower leg amputation of the right extremity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cases of experiencing a second phantom limb in a shape of a set of miniature toes, attached to the distal portion of the stump, have been illustrated. Those toes were exceptionally delicate, continuously leading to a feeling of tingling and twisting [56,59]. Perception of the actual shape of the body Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantom phenomena and body scheme after limb amputation: A literature review

Pirowska¹,

Włoch

Nowobilski

et al. 2014

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska

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Phantom phenomena are subject of various, often inconsistent, descriptions, and new concepts and treatment approaches emerge. The aim of the study is to describe contemporary terminology and developments in the field, and to share personal experience. A review of English and French language literature, published prior to 27th February, 2012, extracted from PubMed/MEDLINE, Google.fr, GoogleScholar databases, and by hand searching of selected full text papers and textbooks with correspondence to personal clinical experience was performed. The terminology and classification of phantom phenomena sensations, relations between intensity and character of phantom pain to the etiology and level of amputations, as well as the influence of presence and intensity of pre-operative limb pain and post-operative stump pain on phantom phenomena are described. The benefits of mirror therapy and early introduction of prosthesis and applying functional prosthesis are also presented, with a glance at other conservative and surgical treatment approaches.

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Multiple Phantom Limbs in a Child

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study

Phantom pain and phantom sensations in upper limb amputees: an epidemiological study

Hand movement observation by individuals born without hands: phantom limb experience constrains visual limb perception

Phantom phenomena and body scheme after limb amputation: A literature review

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