Multiple-Reason Decision Making Based on Automatic Processing

Glöckner, Andreas; Betsch, Tilmann

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1133445

Cited by 34 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Several ways to conceptualize, predict, and improve corresponding strategy selection processes have been suggested (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008;Marewski & Schooler, 2011;Newell & Lee, 2011;Payne et al, 1993;Rieskamp & Otto, 2006;see Marewski & Link, 2014 for a recent overview). Particularly relevant for applied decision makers is Katsikopoulos' (2011) discussion of conditions under which heuristics make better inferences than approaches based on optimization techniques, in which he proposes a simple tree to model when people should rely on optimization procedures and when on heuristics.…”

Section: Box 1: How To Select a Heuristic From The Adaptive Toolbox?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied decision making with fast-and-frugal heuristics.

Hafenbrädl¹,

Waeger²,

Marewski³

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

110

112

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In applied settings, such as aviation, medicine, and finance, individuals make decisions under various degrees of uncertainty, that is, when not all risks are known or can be calculated. In such situations, decisions can be made using fast-and-frugal heuristics. These are simple strategies that ignore part of the available information. In this article, we propose that the conceptual lens of fast-and-frugal heuristics is useful not only for describing but also for improving applied decision making. By exploiting features of the environment and capabilities of the decision makers, heuristics can be simple without trading off accuracy. Because decision aids based on heuristics build on how individuals make decisions, they can be adopted intuitively and used effectively. Beyond enabling accurate decisions, heuristics possess characteristics that facilitate their adaptation to varied settings. These characteristics include accessibility, speed, transparency, and cost effectiveness. Altogether, the article offers an overview of the literature on fast-and-frugal heuristics and their usefulness in diverse applied settings.

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Section: Box 1: How To Select a Heuristic From The Adaptive Toolbox?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied decision making with fast-and-frugal heuristics.

Hafenbrädl¹,

Waeger²,

Marewski³

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

110

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent empirical evidence suggests that humans are able to make fast judgments in multiple cue environments by relying on intuitive processing (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008a, 2008b. Therefore, we assume that referees in contact situations mostly rely on processing information intuitively .…”

Section: Theoretical Assumptions Underlying the Training Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we assume that referees in contact situations mostly rely on processing information intuitively . A very important feature of intuition is parallel processing (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008b). This means that multiple features of a decision-making situation (e.g., cues) may be processed simultaneously within very short amounts of time.…”

Section: Theoretical Assumptions Underlying the Training Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that multiple features of a decision-making situation (e.g., cues) may be processed simultaneously within very short amounts of time. Furthermore, intuitive processing is described as automatic, effortless and not leading to conscious awareness (Betsch, 2008;Glöckner & Betsch, 2008b;Hogarth, 2008). Intuition is thought of as resting on a broad knowledge base in long-term memory, which has been acquired via associative learning (Betsch, 2008;Hogarth, 2008) and which operates as a connectionist network.…”

Section: Theoretical Assumptions Underlying the Training Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Video-Based Training Method for Improving Soccer Referees’ Intuitive Decision-Making Skills

Schweizer

Plessner

Kahlert

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

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We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-EntscheidungsTraining, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training.

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“…In the case of additional, but irrelevant, information, they should be able to focus on the more relevant pieces of information. However, it is unclear whether more information has the same effect for untrained people, as they might not be able to process the information because of limited cognitive capacity (Simon, 1955; but see also Glöckner & Betsch, 2008a). Moreover, because of their limited knowledge about legal decision making, untrained persons might be more susceptible to dilution effects.…”

Section: Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The More the Better? Effects of Training, Experience and Information Amount in Legal Judgments

Dickert

Herbig

Glöckner

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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In an experimental study involving German lay judges, law students and controls, effects of legal training and experience as well as information amount on legal judgments was investigated. In a three (legal knowledge: legal training versus legal experience versus controls) x two (information amount: high versus low) between-subjects design, 137 participants judged the premeditation of a perpetrator in eight real-world cases decided by the German Federal Court of Justice. Judgment congruency with the Court's ruling increased with legal training, but official lay judges showed lower congruency compared with student controls. Additionally, legal training and experience corresponded with higher confidence. Emotional reactions to the legal cases were stronger when more information was given for individuals without legal training but decreased for individuals with training. An information-processing perspective to explain the observed differences in legal judgments is advanced, and the issue of using untrained individuals in the legal decision making process is discussed.

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Multiple-Reason Decision Making Based on Automatic Processing

Cited by 34 publications

References 89 publications

Applied decision making with fast-and-frugal heuristics.

Applied decision making with fast-and-frugal heuristics.

A Video-Based Training Method for Improving Soccer Referees’ Intuitive Decision-Making Skills

The More the Better? Effects of Training, Experience and Information Amount in Legal Judgments

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