Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder causing the destruction of the impulse carrying myelin sheath of neurons, can be a debilitating and disabling disease. Symptomatic treatment has provided patients with relief through the use of antispasmodics, anticholinergics, and antidepressants, just to name a few, as well as disease treatment by decreasing progression of the illness by treating acute episodes through the use of corticosteroids, interferons, plasmapheresis, and other immunomodulators like glatiramer, mitoxantrone, and natalizumab. With medical advancements and the development of new treatments such as laquinimod, fampridine-SR, and several others, the future looks promising for those living with this illness.

Oriental Medicine Samhwangsasim-tang Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1 Cell Responses and Upregulating Treg Cell Responses

“…Although an innovative medication to treat MS patients was unknown, a number of therapies – such as anti-inflammatory medications, interferon-beta, fingolimod, and alternative medicines – have been used to treat symptoms of MS (Mahdavian et al, 2010; Axisa and Hafler, 2016). Unfortunately, the therapies have either limited efficacy or adverse effects (Neilley et al, 1996; Gasperini and Ruggieri, 2009; Minagar, 2013; Finkelsztejn, 2014).…”

“…MS patients still get drugs to combat relapses and to slow the disease: anti-inflammatory medications (corticosteroids), interferon and interferon-beta, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, an alternative treatment method, such as acupuncture, bee sting, etc. (Mahdavian et al, 2010; Axisa and Hafler, 2016). However, they have limited benefits and disabling adverse effects, such as influenza-like syndrome and self-limited feeling, associated with long-term therapy (Neilley et al, 1996; Gasperini and Ruggieri, 2009; Minagar, 2013; Finkelsztejn, 2014).…”

Korean Red Ginseng extract ameliorates demyelination by inhibiting infiltration and activation of immune cells in cuprizone-administrated mice

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), anautoimmune-mediated degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, is characterized by various neurologic dysfunctions due to progressive demyelination, oligodendrocyte death, and diffuse neurodegeneration [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Although the etiology of MS remains elusive, the pathogenesis of MS engages aberrant overactivation of immune responses according to results of immunological, genetic, and histopathology studies on patients with MS [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Although a better understanding of MS has accumulated our knowledge of the etiology and mechanism of the disease, exploration for its therapeutics is still challenging [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ].…”

“…Although the etiology of MS remains elusive, the pathogenesis of MS engages aberrant overactivation of immune responses according to results of immunological, genetic, and histopathology studies on patients with MS [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Although a better understanding of MS has accumulated our knowledge of the etiology and mechanism of the disease, exploration for its therapeutics is still challenging [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ].…”