Silymarin Restores Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients In Vitro

Shariati, Maryam; Shaygannejad, Vahid; Abbasirad, Faezeh; Hosseininasab, Fahimeh; Kazemi, Mohammad; Mirmosayyeb, Omid; Esmaeil, Nafiseh

doi:10.1007/s10753-019-00980-9

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…128 In MS, the immune system mediated by T lymphocytes attacks the protective sheath, and T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS. 129 Silymarin not only promotes the proliferation of Tregs but also promotes IL-10 and TGF-β production by Tregs, suggesting its potential to protect against MI via Treg induction and activation. 130…”

Section: Neuroprotective Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Wang

Zhang

2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.

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Section: Neuroprotective Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Wang

Zhang

2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The risk of PCa in patients with MS is unknown and may be related to genetic and environmental factors, such as chronic inflammation and infection ( 22 ), which can cause tumor growth and escape by interfering with normal immune surveillance. Previous studies have shown that regulatory T-cell function is significantly impaired in patients with MS compared to normal function ( 23 ) and that regulatory T-cells can both promote tumorigenesis and inhibit the growth of some inflammatory tumors ( 24 ). Hormones also play an important role in patients with MS; studies have shown that testosterone levels are significantly lower in patients with MS and due to the significant anti-inflammatory properties of testosterone, some patients with MS opt for testosterone supplementation therapy, which may also have a relevant impact on PCa development due to the complex mechanism of action of testosterone ( 25 – 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Wang

et al. 2023

Oncol Lett

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Prostate cancer (PCa) risk in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains to be elucidated. The present study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between MS and PCa. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies on the PCa risk in patients with MS up to September 2022. A random effects meta-analyses model was performed to estimate the relative risk (RR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). All eight studies involving 210,943 patients with MS were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The present study revealed that there was no significant association between MS and the risk of PCa (RR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.56-1.08, P<0.0001). Subgroup analyses verified this conclusion when stratified by regions. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the findings suggested conflicting results. The current evidence shows that compared with the population control, patients with MS have no relationship with PCa risk and further large samples and long-term trials are needed to verify these results.

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“… 16 , 36 – 43 The majority of natural/herbal medications can control different diseases by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing the frequency and activity of Tregs. 36 , 44 – 46 Therefore, medicinal plants are important sources for development of new immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs. However, lack of sufficient knowledge about their mechanisms of action has restricted the clinical use of these compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent effects of oleuropein administration on regulatory T-cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An in vitro approach

Yousefi

Mirsanei

Bitaraf

et al. 2022

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is identified with chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of the joints. The defective activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a crucial role in RA development. Oleuropein (OLEU) is the most common polyphenolic compound in olive leaf extracts with numerous pharmacological activities. In this study, the potential effects of OLEU in shifting CD4+ T cells toward Tregs are evaluated in patients with RA. Methods 32 healthy controls (HC) and 45 RA patients were included in two groups. The immunoturbidometric technique was used to measure serum levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Isolated CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HC and RA patients were cultured with appropriate concentrations of OLEU. The cytotoxicity effects of OLEU were determined using the MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. The percentage of CD4+CD25 + FoxP3 regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoassay techniques after treatment of cells with different concentrations of OLEU for 24 h. The serum levels of RF and CRP in patients with RA were 11.8 ± 5.32 IU/ml and 6.36 ± 5.82 mg/l, respectively. Results OLEU had a dose-dependent effect on the CD4+ T cells via increasing the frequency of CD4+CD25 + FoxP3 Tregs ( p = 0.0001). Moreover, it induced the production of IL-10 ( p = 0.0001) and TGF-β ( p < 0.01) in both HC and RA patients. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that OLEU may have immunomodulatory effects by inducing Tregs, and it might help in developing a novel nutrition strategy for management of autoimmune diseases such as RA.

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Silymarin Restores Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients In Vitro

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications

Association between multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Dose-dependent effects of oleuropein administration on regulatory T-cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An in vitro approach

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