Multiple Signatures of the JC Polyomavirus in Paired Normal and Altered Colorectal Mucosa Indicate a Link with Human Colorectal Cancer, but Not with Cancer Progression

Uleri, Elena; Piu, Claudia; Caocci, Maurizio; Ibba, Gabriele; Sanges, Francesca; Pira, Giovanna; Murgia, Luciano; Barmina, Michele; Giannecchini, Simone; Porcu, Alberto; Serra, Caterina; Scanu, Antonio Mario; Miglio, Maria Rosaria De; Dolei, Antonina

doi:10.3390/ijms20235965

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The results presented here highlight the need for further studies investigating HPyV2 contamination in the human population and in the water sources of the studied municipalities as the presence of this human-specific viral marker is highly indicative of poor water quality, especially when we consider that this virus can be linked with human colorectal cancer [29][30][31] or even undergo reactivation in immunosuppressed individuals, who have a high risk of developing PML [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Detection of Human polyomavirus 2 (HPyV2) in oyster samples in northern Brazil

Abreu

Cortinhas

Santos

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background Human polyomavirus 2 (HPyV2 or JCPyV) is persistent in the environment due to its excretion in urine and feces; it is detected in samples of wastewater, surface water and drinking water. A lack of basic sanitation and sewage collection results in the presence of this virus in food, especially in oysters, since they are bioaccumulators and are consumed in their natural form, thus posing a risk to human health. Methods This study investigated the frequency of HPyV2 in samples of oysters marketed in northeastern Pará State, Brazil, and optimized a real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol for the detection of an endogenous oyster control. A total of 217 oysters in 22 pools from five municipalities in the state of Pará were analyzed. Samples underwent dissection and total maceration of oyster tissue using a viral concentration technique, followed by DNA extraction with phenol-chloroform and amplification of the VP1 region for molecular detection via qPCR. Results HPyV2 was detected in 18.2% (4/22) of the pooled samples, with frequencies of 25, 20, 20 and 16% in the municipalities of Salinópolis, Augusto Corrêa, São Caetano de Odivelas and Curuçá, respectively. Notably, the sample pool from the municipality of Bragança did not have detectable HPyV2 and this was the only sampled location with a water treatment station. In this study, Crassostrea genus-specific primers (AFL52 ribosomal RNA gene) of oyster were developed for use as an endogenous control in the qPCR analysis, which will be useful for future studies. Conclusions The detection of HPyV2 in oyster samples commercialized in the state of Pará shows the circulation of this virus in the studied municipalities. Thus, it is necessary to implement measures for improving sewage collection and basic sanitation to avoid contamination of water and food with HPyV2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Detection of Human polyomavirus 2 (HPyV2) in oyster samples in northern Brazil

Abreu

Cortinhas

Santos

et al. 2020

Virol J

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, with approximately two million new cases estimated in 2020 worldwide [57]. CRC is a well-studied malignancy for which extensive and heterogeneous genomic aberrations, well-defined risk factors, slow progression, and identifiable and treatable preneoplastic lesions have been described [58,59]. Recent data have also validated the significant role of epigenetics in regulating the function of CRC cells [60][61][62].…”

Section: Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab In Gastrointestinal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy represents one of the most important innovations in modern medicine. Durvalumab is an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) agent which is currently under investigation in several studies in combination with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) drug tremelimumab. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and revise the current scientific literature investigating the combination of these two drugs in solid tumors. Methods: A digital search on the Medline (PubMed interface) and Scopus databases for articles published from inception to 26 February 2021 was performed. The terms used for the search were durvalumab AND tremelimumab. Trials reported in English involving adult patients with solid cancers treated with the combination durvalumab plus tremelimumab were retrieved; the references of the articles were cross-checked to identify missing papers. Results: The electronic search produced 267 results; after exclusion of duplicates, irrelevant articles, reviews, and papers not in English or missing data, 19 articles were included for revision. The total number of patients treated with the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab in the studies retrieved was 2052. Conclusion:The combination of durvalumab plus tremelimumab showed some oncological advantages in comparison with traditional chemotherapies in some subsets of tumors, but generally has not shown consistent advantages in comparison with the employment of durvalumab monotherapy. A number of the studies examined had intrinsic methodological limitations; therefore, future well-designed studies involving larger cohorts are warranted.

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“…Recent reports have demonstrated the presence of HPV16 [13] and HPV18 [14] DNA or antigen in clinical colorectal samples indicating the possible risk of HPV in CRC. Similarly, JCV being an opportunistic pathogen, is distinctly present in the gastrointestinal tract and remains latent in various organs such as kidneys, and B-lymphocytes [15] . Studies by Mou et al [16] revealed the persistent association between JCV and colorectal tumor samples while Ksiaa et al [17] manifested its tumorigenic role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%