Multiple single unit recording in the cortex of monkeys using independently moveable microelectrodes

Baker, Stuart N.; Philbin, N.; Spinks, Rachel L.; Pinches, E. M.; Wolpert, Daniel M.; MacManus, David; Pauluis, Quentin; Lemon, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00121-1

Cited by 104 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is possible that this neo-membrane is the initial stage of new dural growth, perhaps similar to that described in human neurosurgical literature (Berjano et al, 1999;Robertson and Menezes, 1997). The use of antimitotic agents or steroids has been suggested (Baker et al, 1999) to prevent extensive growth of dura in electrophysiological recordings, but this is not recommended when the cortex is exposed. We found that, provided that no cortical tissue damage occurs, the cortex can remain unobscured for weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A chamber and artificial dura method for long-term optical imaging in the monkey

Chen

Heider

Williams

et al. 2002

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Optical imaging over extended periods of time in non-human primates presents serious challenges because the dura mater must be removed to expose the cortical surface. We present a novel nylon imaging chamber with a transparent artificial dura implant, which allows repeated, long-term optical recordings from the cortex. The cylinder of the chamber is inserted into a cranial trephination and held in place with a minimum of screws and acrylic cement. A round patch of artificial dura with a perpendicular wall protects the cortical surface and slows re-growth of dural tissue within the chamber. A cap, manufactured from the same material as the cylinder, is screwed into the chamber and seals it completely. Over a period of 1 -4 months, the chamber required a minimum of maintenance and stayed infection-free without local antibiotic application. We repeatedly performed optical imaging in the same animal with the advantages of shortened preparation time. To permit precise alignment and comparison of maps obtained from different imaging sessions, we developed a program that calculated a 2-dimensional spatial transformation between maps of different magnifications, translations, and distortions. We suggest that these methods provide a practical solution to long-term optical imaging in the anesthetized or alert monkey. The exclusive use of non-metallic materials offers the benefit of a lighter and more compact implant, and the possibility to perform MRI scans after chamber implantation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A chamber and artificial dura method for long-term optical imaging in the monkey

Chen

Heider

Williams

et al. 2002

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Standard stereotaxic technique was used to center the recording chamber over the gyrus of proximal arm area of primary motor cortex (rostral M1). Recording electrodes were mounted in a 16 channel microdrive (Ekhorn System, Thomas RECORDING) and arranged into a linear array with interelectrode spacing of ϳ300 m. Each electrode could be moved independently with a precision of 1 m (Baker et al, 1999). Single-unit activities were sorted with time-amplitude windows using customized spike-sorting software (OpenProject 1.5, Tucker-Davis Technologies).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Cortical Representation of Hand Translation and Rotation during Reaching

Wang¹,

Chan²,

Heldman³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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Previous studies have shown that hand translation is well represented by neuronal activity in the proximal arm area of primary motor cortex (M1). However, little is known about cortical representation of hand rotation in M1. In this study, single-unit activity was recorded from monkeys while they performed a "center-out with rotation" task. When reaching for a target, subjects had to match four separate kinematic parameters: three-dimensional location and one-dimensional orientation of the target. Among the 512 neurons modulated by hand movement, 446 were tuned to hand translation, 326 were tuned to hand rotation, and 260 neurons were tuned to both hand translation and hand rotation. Approximately half of the neurons that encoded both translation and rotation did so in a nonlinear manner. This nonlinear interaction can be modeled as a gain-field type of encoding whereby hand rotational velocity modulated the hand translational cosine tuning curves in a multiplicative manner. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that both hand translation and hand rotation can be decoded simultaneously from a population of motor cortical neurons.

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“…A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at the beginning of each study (Baker et al, 1999) allowed exact identification of the location, orientation, and extent of the rostral bank of the central sulcus (M1 hand area) and inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus (ArcS; F5 hand area) in each monkey. MRI was performed under heavy sedation induced with ketamine (Fort Dodge Animal Health; 10 mg ⅐ kg Ϫ1 , i.m.)…”

Section: Structural Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced Reduction of Digit Motor Responses Evoked from Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex after Reversible Inactivation of the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Area

Schmidlin¹,

Brochier²,

Maier³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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In common with other secondary motor areas, the macaque ventral premotor cortex (PMv) gives rise to corticospinal projections; it also makes numerous reciprocal corticocortical connections with the primary motor cortex (M1). Repetitive intracortical microstimulation (rICMS) of the PMv gives rise to movements of the hand and digits. To investigate whether these motor effects are dependent on the corticocortical interactions with M1, the effect of reversible inactivation of the M1 hand area was tested in three macaque monkeys with chronically implanted intracortical electrodes in the hand representations of M1 and PMv (rostral division, area F5). Monkeys were lightly sedated. Test EMG responses to rICMS were recorded from intrinsic hand muscles before and after microinjection of the GABA agonist muscimol in the M1 hand area. This not only greatly reduced EMG responses evoked from M1, but also reduced or abolished responses from F5, over a similar time course (20 -50 min). Muscimol in M1 reduced the level of background EMG activity in the contralateral hand, which was paretic for several hours after injection. However, because EMG responses to direct activation of the corticospinal tract were significantly less affected than the responses to F5 stimulation, it is unlikely that reduced motoneuronal excitability explained the loss of the evoked responses from F5. Finally, muscimol injections in M1 greatly reduced the corticospinal volleys evoked by rICMS in F5. The results suggest that the motor effects evoked from F5 depend, at least in part, on corticocortical interactions with M1, leading to activation of M1 corticospinal outputs to hand muscles.

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Multiple single unit recording in the cortex of monkeys using independently moveable microelectrodes

Cited by 104 publications

References 26 publications

A chamber and artificial dura method for long-term optical imaging in the monkey

A chamber and artificial dura method for long-term optical imaging in the monkey

Motor Cortical Representation of Hand Translation and Rotation during Reaching

Pronounced Reduction of Digit Motor Responses Evoked from Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex after Reversible Inactivation of the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Area

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