Multiple time scales in simple habituation.

Staddon, J. E. R.; Higa, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.720

Cited by 96 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If we reject this assumption, a singl e pacemaker, multiple accumulator model without dual-task costs and with an additional recency weighting in the summation could also account for our observed data patterns. Indeed, although pacemaker-accumulator models provide a useful framework for timing and are the most popular of the current timing models, there are alternative models (e.g., Jones & Boltz, 1989;Staddon & Higa, 1996;Wackermann & Ehm, 2006). In fact, we posit that the approach described here could in fact constrain any model of human interval timing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple timing of nested intervals: Further evidence for a weighted sum of segments account

Bryce

Bratzke

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How people perceive temporally overlapping intervals can inform us about the architecture and constraints of the human timing system. In the present study, we examined the time perception of two overlapping intervals in a nested context. In this context, one short interval (1 s) was temporally nested within another long interval (3 s). The data showed that although participants' perception of the short interval was unaffected by its temporal position within the long interval, estimates of the long interval decreased, the later the short interval appeared. These data indicate that participants perceive two overlapping intervals as three segments that must be summed in order to estimate the long interval. Importantly, the temporal relationships between overlapping intervals affect the estimates, because a recency weighting is applied to each segment during the summing process. Within pacemaker-accumulator models, these results could be seen as supporting a timing system composed of a single pacemaker and a single accumulator, but they could also constrain any account of human interval timing.Keywords Time perception . Multiple timing . Reproduction . Overlapping intervals . Pacemaker-accumulator models Many cognitive models that aim to explain how we perceive, produce, estimate, and compare time intervals have posited that an internal pacemaker emits pulses at a certain rate (linearly or nonlinearly; Wearden & Jones, 2007) and that these are collected by an accumulator (e.g., Treisman, 1963). The number of pulses can be stored and then used; for example, in an interval reproduction task, the participant can cease the reproduction when the same number of pulses has been accumulated as were perceived. Although these pacemakeraccumulator models of interval timing are very successful at describing how we perceive and estimate simple intervals (Rammsayer & Ulrich, 2001), it is unclear how they can be applied to the timing of multiple overlapping intervals. In this respect, an important question is whether overlapping intervals are timed by a single pacemaker and accumulator, or whether separate pacemakers and/or accumulators are dedicated to each interval.To investigate this question, in a previous study we asked participants to estimate two intervals of the same duration that overlapped to a lesser or greater extent (Bryce, SeifriedDübon, & Bratzke, 2015). Predictions were derived from various timing models, defined by the number of pacemakers and accumulators available to the timing system (see also van Rijn & Taatgen, 2008). Across three experiments, the estimate of the second interval consistently increased as the intervals were more temporally separated, whereas the estimate of the first interval was either unaffected or decreased. Overall, a model constrained by a single pacemaker and a single accumulator with an additional weighted calculation feature (referred to as the SPSA weighted model) best explained the results. This model treats two overlapping intervals as three segments (composed of the first ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple timing of nested intervals: Further evidence for a weighted sum of segments account

Bryce

Bratzke

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7. Stimulus rate and recovery (Staddon & Higa, 1996): Spontaneous recovery may be faster after faster than after slower rates of stimulus presentation. *8.…”

Section: Changes In Reinforcer Effectiveness Produce Within-session Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in reinforcer effectiveness: Satiation and habituation have different implications for theory and practice

McSweeney

2004

BEHAV ANALYST

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reinforcers lose their effectiveness when they are presented repeatedly. Early researchers labeled this loss of effectiveness as satiation without conducting an experimental analysis. When such an analysis is conducted, habituation provides a more precise and empirically accurate label for the changes in reinforcer effectiveness. This paper reviews some of the data that suggest that habituation occurs to repeatedly presented reinforcers. It also argues that habituation has surprisingly different implications than satiation for theory and practice in behavior analysis. For example, postulating that habituation occurs to repeatedly presented reinforcers suggests ways for maintaining the strength of an existing reinforcer and for weakening the strength of a problematic reinforcer that differ from those implied by an account in terms of satiation. An habituation account may also lead to different ways of conceptualizing the regulation of behavior. For example, habituation may be a singleprocess contributor to the termination of behaviors that are usually attributed to satiation (e.g., ingestive behaviors such as eating and drinking), fatigue (e.g., energetic behaviors such as running), the waning of attention (e.g., cognitive behaviors such as studying), and pharmacodynamic factors (e.g., drug taking).

show abstract

“…For a more recent, theoretical account and review, see Staddon & Higa (1996). Sensitization and pseudoconditioning are discussed at length in many of the older learning texts, such as Hilgard and Marquis (1940) and Kimble's update (1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I use habituation (rather than fatigue, which was Sherrington's term) for stimulusspecific waning that is not attributable to changes in the effector -for which the term (muscle) fatigue is preferable -or the receptor, for which the term adaptation is preferable. Habituation is thus reserved for a process that by demonstration or inference is central (see Thompson & Spencer, 1966;Staddon & Higa, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

Staddon

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every day at about 4:30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps up on the sofa and looks out for his owner who always comes home at 5:00. He doesn't need an internal clock because he has an acute sense of smell that allows him to measure how long his master has been absent. Explaining complex behavior in simple ways, this book is a fascinating exploration of the evolution, development and processes of learning in animals. Now in its second edition, there is increased emphasis on development, evolution and dynamics; new accounts of taxic orientation, reflex induction, habituation and operant learning in organisms; more discussion of spatial learning and the processes underlying it; expanded chapters on choice and completely new chapters on molar laws, classical conditioning theories and comparative cognition. J. E. R. Staddon provides a definitive summary of contemporary theoretical understanding suitable for graduates and advanced undergraduates.

show abstract

Multiple time scales in simple habituation.

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Multiple timing of nested intervals: Further evidence for a weighted sum of segments account

Multiple timing of nested intervals: Further evidence for a weighted sum of segments account

Dynamic changes in reinforcer effectiveness: Satiation and habituation have different implications for theory and practice

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About