Multiplication of <i><scp>A</scp>cidovorax citrulli in planta</i> during infection of melon seedlings requires the ability to synthesize leucine

Ren, Zhengguang; Jiang, Wenjun; Ni, Xuan; Lin, Maojuan; Zhang, W.; Tian, Guozhong; Zhang, L. Q.

doi:10.1111/ppa.12156

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These data suggest that the roles of amino acids in Xoo virulence are not only nutrient suppliers but also regulatory molecules. Moreover, the data shown in Figure 5 indicate that leucine can regulate diverse pathways, as found in other organisms [10,[19][20][21], suggesting that leucine, as well as other amino acids, may be an important factor in regulating the primary metabolism and pathogenicity of Xoo.…”

Section: Relationship Between Amino Acid Synthesis and Xoo Virulencementioning

confidence: 85%

“…As some amino acids can function as nutrients as well as regulatory molecules in higher organisms [18,19], we determined whether they could also regulate pathways involved in Xoo virulence. Because the regulatory role of leucine has been extensively studied in higher plants [9,10] and Xoo ∆leuB has no virulence in rice (Figure 2), we chose this mutant for the subsequent experiments. Although Lrp has been confirmed to be a leucine-response regulator in different bacteria [20][21][22], the lrp mutant does not affect Xoo virulence or growth (Figure 2), suggesting that Lrp-dependent leucine signaling might not be important for Xoo infection and that other pathways might be involved in leucine-dependent signaling.…”

Section: Leucine Regulates Virulence-related Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disruption of leucine synthesis influences iron homeostasis and thus attenuates the virulence of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans [9]. Another report has also shown that leucine synthesis is essential to the growth of Acidovorax citrulli in planta [10]. These findings suggest that amino acid synthesis is important for bacteria and fungi to successfully infect hosts.Xanthomonas oryzae pv.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Essential to Its Pathogenicity

Zhan

Lin

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease, which causes a large reduction in rice production. The successful interaction of pathogens and plants requires a particular nutrient environment that allows pathogen growth and the initiation of both pathogen and host responses. Amino acid synthesis is essential for bacterial growth when bacteria encounter amino acid-deficient environments, but the effects of amino acid synthesis on Xoo pathogenicity are unclear. Here, we systemically deleted the essential genes (leuB, leuC, leuD, ilvC, thrC, hisD, trpC, argH, metB, and aspC) involved in the synthesis of different amino acids and analyzed the effects of these mutations on Xoo virulence. Our results showed that leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, threonine, arginine, tryptophan, and cysteine syntheses are essential to Xoo infection. We further studied the role of leucine in the interaction between pathogens and hosts and found that leucine could stimulate some virulence-related responses and regulate Xoo pathogenicity. Our findings highlight that amino acids not only act as nutrients for bacterial growth but also play essential roles in the Xoo and rice interaction.Microorganisms 2019, 7, 693 2 of 12 regulates intracellular signaling pathways but also has important effects on protein synthesis and immunity in plants [3]. Disruption of leucine synthesis influences iron homeostasis and thus attenuates the virulence of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans [9]. Another report has also shown that leucine synthesis is essential to the growth of Acidovorax citrulli in planta [10]. These findings suggest that amino acid synthesis is important for bacteria and fungi to successfully infect hosts.Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease, which causes a large reduction in rice production around the world. Plant diseases are caused by the interaction of pathogens and plants in a particular nutrient environment, which is dependent on the interaction between plant and pathogen factors. Although a previous study has shown that histidine can affect the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) [11], the roles of amino acids in the Xoo-rice interaction remain unclear.In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the essential genes for Xoo amino acid synthesis. We found that synthesis of leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, threonine, arginine, tryptophan, and cysteine is important for Xoo infection. We also analyzed the roles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, in the Xoo-rice interaction in detail and found that leucine can regulate diverse pathways to influence Xoo virulence. Our data indicate that amino acids are not only essential nutrients for Xoo, but also regulate virulence-related pathways to influence its infection processes. Our study establishes a solid link between primary metabolism and bacterial pathogenicity and provides new ideas for protecting ...

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Section: Relationship Between Amino Acid Synthesis and Xoo Virulencementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Leucine Regulates Virulence-related Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Essential to Its Pathogenicity

Zhan

Lin

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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“…Moreover, the increased detoxifying enzyme activity can also contribute to the higher resistance to paraquat and H 2 O 2 . Flagella are important for bacterial colonization and biofilm formation ( Conrad, 2012 ; Bogino et al, 2013 ; Ren et al, 2013 ). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the gene expression level of fliL and flaB , two flagella-associated genes, was 1.4-fold and 1.8-fold higher in the absence of TetR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory role of tetR gene in a novel gene cluster of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae RS-1 under oxidative stress

Yang

et al. 2014

Front. Microbiol.

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Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae is the causal agent of bacterial brown stripe disease in rice. In this study, we characterized a novel horizontal transfer of a gene cluster, including tetR, on the chromosome of A. avenae subsp. avenae RS-1 by genome-wide analysis. TetR acted as a repressor in this gene cluster and the oxidative stress resistance was enhanced in tetR-deletion mutant strain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that TetR regulator bound directly to the promoter of this gene cluster. Consistently, the results of quantitative real-time PCR also showed alterations in expression of associated genes. Moreover, the proteins affected by TetR under oxidative stress were revealed by comparing proteomic profiles of wild-type and mutant strains via 1D SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analyses. Taken together, our results demonstrated that tetR gene in this novel gene cluster contributed to cell survival under oxidative stress, and TetR protein played an important regulatory role in growth kinetics, biofilm-forming capability, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and oxide detoxicating ability.

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“…Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacteria fruit blotch (BFB) in cucurbit plants [ 1 , 2 ]. Since its first outbreak in 1987 [ 3 ], BFB has broadened its host range worldwide, together with the lack of effective management methods, making it a potentially serious threat to the cucurbit industry [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. During the last several decades, the occurrence of this disease has been widely reported, while a number of studies have been carried out for the identification and detection of the bacterial pathogen [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pathogenicity-Related Genes in Biofilm-Defective Acidovorax citrulli by Transposon Tn5 Mutagenesis

Luo¹,

Qiao

Chen³

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Biofilm formation is important for virulence of a large number of plant pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, some virulence genes have been found to be involved in the formation of biofilm in bacterial fruit blotch pathogen Acidovorax citrulli. However, some virulent strains of A. citrulli were unable to format biofilm, indicating the complexity between biofilm formation and virulence. In this study, virulence-related genes were identified in the biofilm-defective strain A1 of A. citrulli by using Tn5 insertion, pathogenicity test, and high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (hiTAIL-PCR). Results from this study indicated that 22 out of the obtained 301 mutants significantly decreased the virulence of strain A1 compared to the wild-type. Furthermore, sequence analysis indicated that the obtained 22 mutants were due to the insertion of Tn5 into eight genes, including Aave 4244 (cation diffusion facilitator family transporter), Aave 4286 (hypothetical protein), Aave 4189 (alpha/beta hydrolase fold), Aave 1911 (IMP dehydrogenase/GMP reductase domain), Aave 4383 (bacterial export proteins, family 1), Aave 4256 (Hsp70 protein), Aave 0003 (histidine kinase, DNA gyrase B, and HSP90-like ATPase), and Aave 2428 (pyridoxal-phosphate dependent enzyme). Furthermore, the growth of mutant Aave 2428 was unaffected and even increased by the change in incubation temperature, NaCl concentration and the pH of the LB broth, indicating that this gene may be directly involved in the bacterial virulence. Overall, the determination of the eight pathogenicity-related genes in strain A1 will be helpful to elucidate the pathogenesis of biofilm-defective A. citrulli.

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Multiplication of Acidovorax citrulli in planta during infection of melon seedlings requires the ability to synthesize leucine

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Essential to Its Pathogenicity

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Essential to Its Pathogenicity

Regulatory role of tetR gene in a novel gene cluster of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae RS-1 under oxidative stress

Identification of Pathogenicity-Related Genes in Biofilm-Defective Acidovorax citrulli by Transposon Tn5 Mutagenesis

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