Multiplication of vaccinia virus in the chorioallantoic membrane in vitro

Overman, John R.; Tamm, Igor

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(57)90031-4

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…I. W. McLean, Jr.; para-intluenza 2 and 3 from Dr. R. M. Chanock; and mumps virus from Dr. J. P. Utz. Vaccinia virus was obtained as a calf lymph preparation from the New York City Department of Health (4). When used, it had been through nine passages in the chorioailantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs in this laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPECTRUM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTION OF 2-(Α-Hydroxybenzyl)-Benzimidazole

Eggers

Tamm

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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128

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Recently, selective inhibition of poliovirus b y 2-(a-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole was described (1-3).Following the original report (1) concerning inhibition of poliovirus by 2-(o~-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole (HBB), it was shown in quantitative studies (2, 3) that HBB inhibits the multiplication and the cytopathic effects of poliovirus type 2 in monkey kidney cells, but does not inhibit influenza B virus in the same cell system or in the chorioallantoic membrane from embryouated chicken eggs. At concentrations sufficient to cause marked inhibition of poliovirus, the compound had no effect, or only a slight effect, on the morphologic appearance of monkey kidney cells. Thus, HBB showed significant biological selectivity in its virus in- hibitory action. Inhibition of viral cytopathic effects appeared to be due to inhibition of virus multiplication. It should be emphasized that HBB was virostatic, but not virocidal, for poliovirus.Studies of structure-activity relationships with HBB and related compounds suggested (3) that the hydroxybenzyl grouping at position 2 in the imidazole ring was of fundamental importance for the selective virus inhibitory action of HBB (of. Text- fig. 1). HBB could not readily be considered a close structural analog of any known metabolite. Furthermore, the fact that the compound did not damage cells at virus inhibitory concentrations, made it seem nnlilrely that HBB was acting as an antagonist of a metabolite required by both the host cell and the virus.These findings suggested a new approach to the study of mechanism of virus multiplication: it appeared that with the aid of HBB and related corn-* Aided by a grant from The National Foundation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPECTRUM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTION OF 2-(Α-Hydroxybenzyl)-Benzimidazole

Eggers

Tamm

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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128

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“…With regard to ORB, there are apparent anomalies between the previous reports of its activity against vaccinia virus Tamm and Overman, 1957) and our data. Although we have no definite explanation for this discrepancy, a contributing factor may be the different cell types used, namely E 6SM in our studies vs. the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken eggs in the work by Overman and Tamm (1957). On the other hand, no clear-cut structure-antiviral-activity relationship has emerged from the various antiviral data for the test compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole Nucleoside Derivatives

Gosselin

Philouze

Bergogne

et al. 1994

Antivir Chem Chemother

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Novel 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole nucleoside analogues structurally related to the well-known riboside DRB have been synthesized. The 1′,2′- trans nucleosides were prepared by condensation of peracylated sugars with 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole, whereas the 1′,2′- cis β-D-arabinofuranosyl and β-D-lyxofuranosyl nucleosides were obtained by inversion of configuration on the sugar moiety. Chiral acyclic derivatives were stereospecifically prepared by ring-opening of furano- or pyrano-nucleosides by means of periodate oxidation, followed by borohydride reduction. The in vitro activities against a range of DNA and RNA viruses, as well as the cytotoxicities in human T-lymphocyte MT-4 cells, have been determined for these novel compounds and for DRB. No truly selective activity (i.e. clearly below the cytotoxic concentration) was observed against any of the viruses used. Some of the compounds, including DRB, were cytotoxic to MT-4 cells at CC50 values of less than 10 μg ml−1.

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“…The material employed in the present study represents the fifth chorioallantoic membrane passage of the calf lymph stock. Two seed virus stocks were prepared and stored in a manner described previously (4). The stocks contained, respectively, 3.4 X 10 9 and 1.9 X 10 9 pock-forming units (PFU) per ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With influenza virus the yield was measured in the medium whereas with vaccinia virus it was determined in the membrane extract. This was done be-cause influenza virus is almost completely liberated from the chorioallantoic membrane into the medium (7) whereas vaccinia virus is not released from the membrane to a significant extent (4).…”

Section: Preparation Of Embryonated Eggs For Experiments or Infeaivitmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Ribonucleic Acid in Animal Virus Synthesis

Tamm

Bablanian

1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Evidence has been presented in the preceding communication (1) indicating that cellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays an important role in the reproduction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-containing animal viruses. It was shown that 5,6-dichloro-1-/3-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) 1 inhibits uptake of labeled adenosine into RNA of cells when present in concentrations inhibitory for vaccinia or adenovirus multiplication.The results of the present study with ribonuclease (RNase) and vaccinia and herpes simplex viruses have corroborated and expanded the results obtained with DRB.Le Clerc (2) was the first to show that RNase inhibits the multiplication of an animal virus. Influenza A virus multiplication in the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs was inhibited by crystalline bovine pancreatic RNase both in vitro and in vivo. RNase had no direct inactivating effect on influenza virus particles, and membrane tissue, the capacity of which to produce influenza virus had been markedly reduced by RNase, recovered this capacity after washing and incubation at 37°C. RNase inhibited influenza virus multiplication only when given within 2 hours after virus inoculation. It was also shown that RNase was capable of inhibiting adenine-C a* incorporation into membranes. The original observation (2) that RNase inhibits influenza virus multiplication in the chorioallantoic membrane has been confirmed (3).The combined inhibitory effect of RNase and DRB on influenza B virus multiplication will be described. Inhibition by RNase of vaccinia virus multiplication in the chorioallantoic membrane in vitro and of pock formation in vivo will be reported.

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Multiplication of vaccinia virus in the chorioallantoic membrane in vitro

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

SPECTRUM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTION OF 2-(Α-Hydroxybenzyl)-Benzimidazole

SPECTRUM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTION OF 2-(Α-Hydroxybenzyl)-Benzimidazole

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole Nucleoside Derivatives

On the Role of Ribonucleic Acid in Animal Virus Synthesis

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