Multipotency and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Abstract

Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered a promising cell population for cell-based or cell-free therapy and tissue engineering because of their proliferative, multipotency and immunomodulator. Based on recent studies, we find that SHEDs show the superior ability of nerve regeneration in addition to the potential of osteogenesis, odontogenesis owing to their derivation from the neural crest. Besides, much evidence suggests that SHEDs have a paracrine effect and can function as immunomodulatory regents attributing to their capability of secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Here, we review the characteristic of SHEDs, their multipotency to regenerate damaged tissues, specifically concentrating on bones or nerves, following the paracrine activity or immunomodulatory benefits of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.

Hopes and opportunities of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cartilage tissue regeneration

“…The second strategy in cartilage regeneration is to use the therapeutic effects of SHED through their paracrine effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and soluble growth factors, known as the secretome or serum-free conditioned media of SHED have been shown in numerous studies to have a modulatory effect on other cells or tissues, demonstrating the efficacy of cell-free based stem cell therapy in cartilage regeneration and maintain chondrocyte phenotypes and promote their proliferation (Guo and Yu, 2022). SHED can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and the production of cartilage matrix by releasing nutritional factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org proteins (BMPs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) (Bar et al, 2021).…”

“…A damaged cartilage is exposed to a progressive inflammatory environment. Evidence suggests that remodeling and reconstruction in the cartilage lesions that results from cell transplantation depends not only on differentiation potential but also on anti-inflammatory paracrine mechanism that reduce inflammation at the lesion site ( Guo and Yu, 2022 ). The third strategy in cartilage regeneration could involve the role of SHED in modulating the immune response in the cartilage repair process.…”

Immunomodulators in Dentistry, an Updated Review

“…A thalidomide analogue, CC-220-iberdomide used to treat systemic lupus e r y t h e m a t o s u s a n d re l a p s e d / re f ra c t o r y m u l t i p l e (25) myeloma. Drugs like Abrocitinib, 200mg daily, upadacitinib, 30 mg daily has been proved to be effective against atrophic (26) dermatitis Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered for cell-based or cell-free therapy and tissue engineering because of their proliferative, (27) multipotency and immunomodulation.…”

Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy

“…Dentin/pulp regeneration is feasible using DPSCs and SHEDs, both of which are safe and have promising benefits. Amongst the dentalderived stem cells, SHEDs are the most accessible ones as they cause no tooth pain but offer humongous regenerative abilities [12]. Regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex is a huge challenge, and this is where SHED enhances the possibility for better life of the tooth and facilitates better aspects of tooth regeneration [12].…”