Multipotent Polymer Coatings Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition Copolymerization

Elkasabi, Yaseen; Chen, Hsien Yeh; Lahann, Joerg

doi:10.1002/adma.200502454

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[36] A XPS sur- A signal indicating p → p* transitions at 291.8 eV was also found, which is characteristic for aromatic molecules and has been previously reported for similar poly-p-xylylenes. [36,54] These findings are in accordance with our earlier work regarding the CVD polymerization of substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes, which typically showed close to theoretical compositions of the resulting functionalized poly-p-xylylenes. [36] As shown in Figure 1, the spatially controlled CVD polymerization results in homogenous polymer patterns with little variation with respect to shape of individual elements over large surface areas (3 × 3 cm 2 ).…”

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confidence: 93%

Vapor‐Assisted Micropatterning in Replica Structures: A Solventless Approach towards Topologically and Chemically Designable Surfaces

Chen

Lahann

2007

Advanced Materials

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confidence: 93%

Vapor‐Assisted Micropatterning in Replica Structures: A Solventless Approach towards Topologically and Chemically Designable Surfaces

Chen

Lahann

2007

Advanced Materials

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“…[7] The Friedel-Crafts acylations are de-activating, therefore only one group may react per mole of PCP resulting in a parylene copolymer when the deposition is undertaken at room temperature. These chemistries, in turn, can be used as the starting compounds to make, for example, parylene A (phenyl amine), [6] parylene AM (methylene amine), [8] and parylene X (ethynyl). [9] The other option to deposit unique parylenes is to derivatize the alpha or benzyl positions of the p-xylene molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD of Poly(α,α′‐dimethyl‐p‐xylylene) and Poly(α,α,α′, α′‐tetramethyl‐p‐xylylene)‐co‐poly(p‐xylylene) from Alkoxide Precursors I: Optical Properties and Thermal Stability

Senkevich

2011

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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The parylene CVD platform is a unique one since it enables the room temperature deposition of high-performance polymers from the resonance-stabilization of the p-xylylene intermediate. This intermediate, or the derivatives of it, have the same stabilization. Regardless of the precursor, albeit the more common [2.2] paracyclophane or monomer routes, there are two sites to derivatize the parylene precursor, the alpha or benzylic position or the phenyl ring. The work here explores the addition of methyl groups to the alpha position of p-xylylene or parylene. The results show that the resulting polymer, poly(a,a 0 -dimethylp-xylylene) shares many of the properties of parylene E (phenyl-modified ethylated parylene); however, with a higher thermal stability, 400 8C. A homopolymer of poly(a,a,a 0 ,a 0 -tetramethyl-p-xylylene) is not possible due to steric hinderance of the methyl groups, but an alternating copolymer, poly(a,a,a 0 ,a 0 -tetramethyl-p-xylylene)-co-poly( p-xylylene), is deposited.

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“…This along with measurement of the average length of landed microtubules and measurement of the diffusion limited maximum landing rate on a fouling surface provides an estimate of the kinesin surface density. [32][33][34] In this case, 50 nm thick films of poly(4-amino-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) were CVD deposited on glass substrates to provide free amino groups for further surface modification.…”

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Quantifying the Performance of Protein‐Resisting Surfaces at Ultra‐Low Protein Coverages using Kinesin Motor Proteins as Probes

Katira¹,

Agarwal²,

Fischer³

et al. 2007

Advanced Materials

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Surfaces resistant to protein adsorption are very desirable for a variety of applications in biomedical engineering and bionanotechnology, since protein adsorption is often the first step in a cascade of events leading to systems failure. Initial efforts to create adsorption-resistant surfaces succeeded in reducing the adsorption by 80% compared to untreated surfaces to 100 ng cm -2 by employing poly(ethylene glycol) coatings.[1]Recently, optimization of brush density and morphology has reduced adsorption to 1 ng cm -2 or less.[2] These coverages, equal to about one tenth of a percent of a monolayer, represent the detection limit for several characterization techniques, including SPR [2,3] and radiolabeling.[4] However, biological effects can be observed for protein coverages below this detection limit. For example, adsorption of blood proteins can initiate the intrinsic coagulation cascade at low coverage.[5] Therefore more sensitive techniques for the measurement of protein adsorption are needed. Moreover, if protein adsorption is exceedingly slow, higher sensitivity would permit an accelerated quantification of the performance of the surface (e.g. within hours instead of days). Non-fouling surfaces are also a critical part of hybrid nanodevices, which utilize precisely positioned biomolecules in an artificial environment.[6] For example, controlled adsorption of kinesin, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] myosin, [15][16][17] and F1-ATPase motors [18] has been utilized for the design of molecular shuttles and nanopropellers. Adsorption of motor proteins outside the intended regions at densities down to one motor per square micrometer (0.04 ng cm -2) can lead to loss of device function, since individual motors can already bind and transport the associated filaments outside their intended tracks.The binding of associated filaments, such as microtubules or actin filaments, is readily observed by fluorescence microscopy, since these filaments are composed of thousands of protein subunits and carry typically at least a thousand covalently linked fluorophores. [19,20] Howard et al. demonstrated in 1989 that observing the attachment of microtubules from solution to surface-adhered kinesin motors enables the determination of motor densities as low as 2 proteins per lm 2 by measuring the rate of microtubule attachment. [21,22] Attachment rate measurements have subsequently been adapted to the determination of relative kinesin motor activity on different surfaces [9] and to the evaluation of guiding structures for microtubule transport [10,23] Since kinesins long tail domain evolved to efficiently connect to cargo, we hypothesize that it can serve as a particularly efficient probe for attachment points on the surface. [24,25] . Landing rate measurements enable the measurement of absolute coverages of functional kinesins in the range of 0.004 -1 ng cm -2 , thus enabling to differentiate the performance of even the best non-fouling surfaces. While landing rate measurements in effect count individual proteins, their complexity ...

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Multipotent Polymer Coatings Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition Copolymerization

Cited by 73 publications

References 29 publications

Vapor‐Assisted Micropatterning in Replica Structures: A Solventless Approach towards Topologically and Chemically Designable Surfaces

Vapor‐Assisted Micropatterning in Replica Structures: A Solventless Approach towards Topologically and Chemically Designable Surfaces

CVD of Poly(α,α′‐dimethyl‐p‐xylylene) and Poly(α,α,α′, α′‐tetramethyl‐p‐xylylene)‐co‐poly(p‐xylylene) from Alkoxide Precursors I: Optical Properties and Thermal Stability

Quantifying the Performance of Protein‐Resisting Surfaces at Ultra‐Low Protein Coverages using Kinesin Motor Proteins as Probes

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