Multiresidue Procedures for the Determination of Pesticides in Food Using Capillary Gas Chromatographic, Flame Photometric, and Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Miyahara, Makoto; Okada, Yutaka; Takeda, Hisashi; Aoki, Gaku; Kobayashi, Akihiko; Saitō, Yukio

doi:10.1021/jf00048a027

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Chromatographic methods are the most suitable for residue analysis [3][4][5][6] in GC using long, narrow-bore capillary columns equipped with selective and sensitive detection methods such as electrophilic conductivity detector (ECD) [7,8], nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) [9,10] and flame photometric detector (FPD) [11,12] according to different classes of pesticides. An emerging strategy in multiresidue methodology is the search for universal detection systems, e. g., in GC coupled with mass-selective detectors [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in Gaza Governorates, Palestine

Safi¹,

Abou-Foul

El‐Nahhal

et al. 2002

Nahrung

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Three techniques of gas chromatography (GC) either with flame photometric-detector (FPD), electron capture detector (ECD), or with mass-spectrometry (MS) were applied for identification and quantification of pesticide residues on 45 samples of cucumber, tomatoes, and strawberries in fifteen locations in Gaza Governorates. GC-FPD analysis showed the presence of four different organo-phosphorus (OP) pesticides, their levels were very low and below maximum residue limits (MRL's). GC-ECD detected ten different pesticides at levels below the MRL's. Using the GC-MS technique, alpha and beta-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, chlorfluazuron, triadimenol I and II, penconazole, coptafolmetabolite, pyrimethanil and iprodione were detected and confirmed on some samples of cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries. All GC-MS pesticide residues detected on tomato were below the MRL's except chlorfluazuron while on strawberry were below the MRL's except penconazole, chlorfluazuron and pyrimethanil, but on cucumber were slightly higher than the MRL's except alpha and beta-endosulfan. Also, statistical analysis of pesticide residues in all samples showed that most of the detected residues mean were significantly lower than the MRL's (p < 0.05). Generally, tomatoes showed the least number and level of pesticide residues by all the GC-techniques. On the other hand, strawberries showed greater number and levels of pesticide residues, particularly by the GC-MS technique. These results indicate that the protective period to elapse before harvesting should be increased especially on strawberry. The results also can help in risk assessment of consumers exposure to the expected pesticide residues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in Gaza Governorates, Palestine

Safi¹,

Abou-Foul

El‐Nahhal

et al. 2002

Nahrung

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“…Moreover, many non-fatty matrices are identified as tending to give matrix effects, such as apple, tomato, banana, orange peel, stone fruits, carrot, leafy vegetables, wheat, wine etc. (Miyahara et al, 1994;Egea González et al, 2002;Navarro et al, 2002;Patel et al, 2004;Georgakopoulos et al, 2007;Freitas & Lanças, 2009), due to the high co-extracts amount persisting in the GC analytical sample, necessitating the application of clean-up step(s) (Dorea et al, 1996;Hajšlová et al, 1998;Schenck & Lehotay, 2000;Li et al, 2008). It should also be addressed that matrix effects are difficult to study because of the different analysis conditions for the samples, since the effects of simple maintenance application (e.g.…”

Section: Matrix-induced Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Accurate Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Non-Fatty Matrices

Georgakopoulos¹,

Skandamis²

2011

Pesticides - Strategies for Pesticides Analysis

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“…In general, the analytical method involves the following stages: sampling, sample preparation, extraction, detection and data analysis, where the sample preparation could be considered a critical step. The official multiresidue pesticide methods recommend extraction of the pesticides with organic solvents, 8 clean-up by column chromatography 4,9,10 or gel permeation chromatography 8,11 and quantification by capillary GC-MS. [12][13][14] Since the recommended extraction procedure requires large quantities of toxic solvents, other extraction procedures have been reported, including, solid-phase extraction, 9,10,15,16 supercritical fluid extraction 17 and microwave assisted extraction coupled to solid phase microextraction. 18 With relation to current Brazilian legislation, which regulates the registration of phytopharmaceuticals, the determination of pesticides has not been included in the purity assay of herbal plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC–MS determination of organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants harvested in Brazil

et al. 2006

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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método para a determinação de hexaclorobenzeno, lindano, heptaclor, heptaclor epóxido, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT e DDE em folhas de Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia e Cordia verbenacea, empregando a Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (GC-MS). A extração dos pesticidas foi realizada por extração sólido-líquido (SLE), seguida de limpeza por extração em fase sólida (Florisil e silica-gel). A quantificação foi realizada usando o GC-MS no modo SIM. A recuperação média variou de 70 a 124%. A precisão inter-ensaio de uma amostra fortificada com 200 ng g -1 de cada pesticida variou de 1,0 a 7,3%. Os limites de quantificação variaram de 3,0 a 30 ng g -1 e estão abaixo dos limites máximos de resíduos (MLR) estabelecidos para os pesticidas sob estudo. O método foi empregado para analisar amostras de Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia e Cordia verbenacea de um campo experimental de Paulínia, SP, Brasil. As amostras apresentaram contaminação com dieldrin acima do MRL estabelecido pela Farmacopéia Européia (50 ng g -1 ).A method using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of hexachlorobenzene, lindane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDE in leaves of Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia and Cordia verbenacea was developed. Extraction of the pesticides was carried out by solid-liquid extraction (SLE), followed by clean-up in solid phase mixed cartridge (Florisil and silica-gel). Quantification was performed using GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Mean recovery rates of 70 to 124% were obtained. The inter-assay precision of a sample fortified with 200 ng g -1 of each pesticide was in the range of 1.0 to 7.3%. The quantitation limits ranged from 3.0 to 30 ng g

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Multiresidue Procedures for the Determination of Pesticides in Food Using Capillary Gas Chromatographic, Flame Photometric, and Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in Gaza Governorates, Palestine

Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in Gaza Governorates, Palestine

Factors Affecting the Accurate Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Non-Fatty Matrices

GC–MS determination of organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants harvested in Brazil

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