Multiscale Approach and Role of Validation in the Thermal-Hydraulic Modeling of the ITER Superconducting Magnets

Zanino, Roberto; Savoldi, Laura

doi:10.1109/tasc.2012.2236134

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…With the above-mentioned background in mind, and following the roadmap proposed in [18] to confirm the reliability of the existing TH codes for SC magnets, we have taken advantage of the (then) forthcoming second ITER toroidal field (TF) insert (TFI) [19] coil test, to try and confirm the predictive capabilities of the state-of-the-art 4C code [20]: a set of simulations of quench propagation in the TFI was performed, as adherent as possible in input to the TFI test program but still before the test. As a proof of the blind nature of these simulations, selected results thereof were distributed among the members of the testing group before the tests were actually performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code

Zanino

Bonifetto

Brighenti

et al. 2018

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The ITER Toroidal Field Insert (TFI) coil is a single-layer Nb 3 Sn solenoid tested in 2016-2017 at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (former JAEA) in Naka, Japan. The TFI, the last in a series of ITER insert coils, was tested in operating conditions relevant for the actual ITER TF coils, inserting it in the borehole of the Central Solenoid Model Coil, which provided the background magnetic field. In this paper, we consider the five quench propagation tests that were performed using one or two inductive heaters (IHs) as drivers; out of these, three used just one IH but increasing delay times, up to 7.5 s, between the quench detection and the TFI current dump. The results of the 4C code prediction of the quench propagation up to the current dump are presented first, based on simulations performed before the tests. We then describe the experimental results, showing good reproducibility. Finally, we compare the 4C code predictions with the measurements, confirming the 4C code capability to accurately predict the quench propagation, the evolution of total and local voltages, as well as of the hot spot temperature. To the best of our knowledge, such a predictive validation exercise is performed here for the first time for the quench of a Nb 3 Sn coil. Discrepancies between prediction and measurement are found in the evolution of the jacket temperatures, in the He pressurization and quench acceleration in the late phase of the transient before the dump, as well as in the early evolution of the inlet and outlet He mass flow rate. Based on the lessons learned in the predictive exercise, the model is then modified to try and improve a posteriori (i.e. in interpretive, as opposed to predictive mode) the agreement between simulation and experiment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code

Zanino

Bonifetto

Brighenti

et al. 2018

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…With the additional know-how that comes from the experience gained in the modelling of LTS cables for fusion applications, see [25,45,70,71] and reference therein, the features that could ensure robustness and flexibility to a comprehensive model for the HTS SCTCs are summarized below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the neighbouring field of nuclear fusion, the development of (low critical temperature, LTS) SC cables and magnets has been accompanied, in fact, over the past 25 years by the parallel evolution of numerical tools capable to capture the main features of such cables [25]. Also, for HTS SCTCs and SCTLs, the design and experimental tests should go along with the development and validation of numerical models, capable to capture the normal, as well as off-normal (fault currents, over-voltages, …) operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-hydraulic models for the cooling of HTS power-transmission cables: status and needs

Savoldi¹,

Placido²,

Viarengo³

2022

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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An overview of the main peculiarities of the models currently available in literature for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of the cooling of the HTS power transmission cables, mainly in nominal operating conditions, is performed. Several models address specific issues such as the temperature distribution along or across the cables, and their pressure drop, typically with a simplified approach. The verification and validation of the models has not been systematically addressed so far. From the analysis of the available literature, the lack of a general model, capable to address thermal-hydraulic transients for the cooling of the different possible cable designs, with capability to catch both the behaviour of the cable solid components and different cryogens, is highlighted. The main ingredients that such general thermal-hydraulic model should not miss are presented, also based on the know-how on, and comparison to, similar tools for LTS cables for nuclear fusion applications.

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“…However, it has also to be noted that the predictive capabilities of the 4C code or, for that matter, of any other available tool for the similar purpose, are not confirmed at this time in the public literature [18]. (Also the benchmarking against fully validated codes is strictly speaking missing, because no such code exists at this time.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of the predictive capabilities of the 4C code cryogenic circuit model

Zanino

Bonifetto

Hoa

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The 4C code was developed to model thermal-hydraulics in superconducting magnet systems and related cryogenic circuits. It consists of three coupled modules: a quasi-3D thermal-hydraulic model of the winding; a quasi-3D model of heat conduction in the magnet structures; an object-oriented a-causal model of the cryogenic circuit. In the last couple of years the code and its different modules have undergone a series of validation exercises against experimental data, including also data coming from the supercritical He loop HELIOS at CEA Grenoble. However, all this analysis work was done each time after the experiments had been performed. In this paper a first demonstration is given of the predictive capabilities of the 4C code cryogenic circuit module. To do that, a set of ad-hoc experimental scenarios have been designed, including different heating and control strategies. Simulations with the cryogenic circuit module of 4C have then been performed before the experiment. The comparison presented here between the code predictions and the results of the HELIOS measurements gives the first proof of the excellent predictive capability of the 4C code cryogenic circuit module.

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Multiscale Approach and Role of Validation in the Thermal-Hydraulic Modeling of the ITER Superconducting Magnets

Cited by 13 publications

References 80 publications

Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code

Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code

Thermal-hydraulic models for the cooling of HTS power-transmission cables: status and needs

Verification of the predictive capabilities of the 4C code cryogenic circuit model

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