Multiscale spectral discrimination of poorly crystalline and intermixed alteration phases using aerial and ground-based ExoMars rover emulator data

Allender, E. J.; Cousins, C. R.; Gunn, Matthew; Mare, Eleanor Rose

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114541

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In these bedrock regions, which are likely to be high priority targets for drilling and sampling, it is likely that complementary instruments, such as ISEM, will also be critical for mafic mineral identification. Previous studies have used emulators for studying the performance of PanCam and other ExoMars instruments in the field on Earth (e.g., Allender et al, 2020Allender et al, , 2021Harris et al, 2015), and we can also use multispectral instrument application on Mars as a guide to best practice use (e.g., Farrand et al, 2006Farrand et al, , 2007Farrand et al, , 2008Farrand et al, , 2013Farrand et al, , 2014Rice et al, 2010;. These studies made particular use of spectral parameters, which capture some specified spectral feature (e.g., Bell et al, 2000;Pelkey et al, 2007;Viviano-Beck et al, 2014), to help indicate broad mineralogical composition, abundance, or grain size fluctuations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Grindrod

Stabbins

Motaghian

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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Multispectral imaging instruments have been core payload components of Mars lander and rover missions for several decades. In order to place into context the future performance of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the spectral performance of three visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) multispectral instruments. We have determined the root mean square error (RMSE) between the expected multispectral sampling of the instruments and high‐resolution spectral reflectance data, using both laboratory spectral libraries and Mars orbital hyperspectral data. ExoMars Panoramic Camera (PanCam) and Mars2020 Perseverance Mastcam‐Z instruments have similar values of RMSE, and are consistently lower than for Mars Science Laboratory Mastcam, across both laboratory and orbital remote sensing data sets. The performance across mineral groups is similar across all instruments, with the lowest RMSE values for hematite, basalt, and basaltic soil. Minerals with broader, or absent, absorption features in these visible wavelengths, such as olivine, saponite, and vermiculite have overall larger RMSE values. Instrument RMSE as a function of filter wavelength and bandwidth suggests that spectral parameters that use shorter wavelengths are likely to perform better. Our simulations of the spectral performance of the PanCam instrument will allow the future use of targeted filter selection during ExoMars 2022 Rosalind Franklin operations on Mars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Grindrod

Stabbins

Motaghian

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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“…These samples are often analysed using a combination of in situ analytical techniques relevant to current or future space missions, such as Raman, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR), XRD and LIBS. Amongst the current Mars analogue collections, samples containing clays that have been documented with Raman spectroscopy often consist of specimens from hydrothermal environments [33][34][35][36] and sedimentary-volcanic environments. [37][38][39][40] While the Raman characterisation of these samples is found to be effective for the identification of accessory minerals such as sulfates, carbonates and (Ti-)oxides, the identification of phyllosilicates (the main constituent in clays) is less straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman analyses of Al and Fe/Mg‐rich clays: Challenges and possibilities for planetary missions

Demaret

Lerman

McHugh

et al. 2023

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Clays are fine‐grained rocks that form in the presence of water. Their occurrence typically depends on a combination of geological setting and geochemical conditions. The widespread and diverse clay deposits identified on Mars indicate that the planet experienced multiple episodes of water activity, especially in the early period. The characterisation of Martian clays will reveal key information on geological history, the past climatic conditions and the overall habitability of Mars. Among the analytical techniques typically utilised for such mineralogical characterisation, Raman spectroscopy will be applied for the first time during several robotic exploration missions of Mars in the 2020s. In this study, various clay‐rich samples from Westerwald, Germany were analysed to help inform mission operations and interpretation of data returned by the miniaturised Raman instruments. The samples, as verified by infrared spectroscopy, constitute kaolinites, Al‐rich smectites and Fe/Mg‐rich smectites, which are relevant to the clay mineralogy expected at Martian landing sites (Jezero crater and Oxia Planum). Despite the levels of fluorescence experienced during Raman measurements of the clay‐rich powder samples when using a 532 nm laser, the Raman signatures of phyllosilicates were identified for kaolinite and several different types of smectite (e.g. montmorillonite, nontronite, saponite) in these complex dispersions. Following these measurements, identification of various accessory minerals disseminated in the clay matrix was also achieved using the micro‐Raman system. Finally, a brief discussion concerning the analytical strategies for successful clay analyses using miniaturised Raman instruments is provided.

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“…. Reflectance spectra are relevant to multiple instruments on the Perseverance rover (Mastcam-Z, SuperCam -Buz et al, 2019; Bell et al, 2021; Fouchet et al, 2021;Maurice et al, 2021), the Curiosity rover(Mastcam -Bell et al, 2017), and Rosalind Franklin rover(PanCam, ISEM, Ma_MISS, MicrOmega -Josset et al, 2017;Martinez et al, 2018;Allender et al, 2021), while Raman spectroscopy is relevant to the SHERLOC and SuperCam instruments on the Perseverance rover…”

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confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Analysis of Ca-Carbonates from Utah Crystal Geyser to Support Carbonate Detection within our Solar System

Wolf¹

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This study investigated the Utah Crystal Geyser, a unique low-temperature, CO2-rich geyser relevant to Mars, icy moons, and asteroids. Samples from the site had a range of textural and color differences; however, they contained similar mineral assemblages dominated by carbonates (calcite and aragonite). The identification of calcite and aragonite is important as they can be biogenically produced and possess the ability to preserve biogenic fingerprints and entomb microbial fossils. This analysis confirmed that the most effective method for identifying and distinguishing calcite and aragonite is through a combination of several techniques. Specifically, reflectance spectroscopy was able to determine the presence of calcite-aragonite mixtures. However, it could not effectively differentiate between the two since the band positions and shapes change subtly with varying abundances of the two carbonates. Thus, it can only be stated that a mixture is present, and the degree to which transformation from aragonite to calcite has proceeded is poorly constrained. Raman spectroscopy was able to identify both calcite and aragonite and could differentiate between the two through diagnostic peaks in the low Raman-shift region of the spectrum. Scanning electron microscopy imaging provided sub-micrometer images of textures and sedimentary fabric, such as laminations, crystal structures, and entombed microbial fossils. X-ray diffractometry and X-ray fluorescence were used to determine and verify the mineralogy of the samples. The low-temperature origin of these carbonates is likely the factor responsible for the lack of homogeneity within the samples. Carbon dioxide degassing is likely the primary factor supporting the precipitation of aragonite at the geyser, despite the low temperature. The results have implications for carbonate detection and characterization on Mars and the recognition of low-temperature carbonate precipitates on a number of planetary bodies.

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Multiscale spectral discrimination of poorly crystalline and intermixed alteration phases using aerial and ground-based ExoMars rover emulator data

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science: Cross‐Rover Comparison Using Laboratory and Orbital Data

Raman analyses of Al and Fe/Mg‐rich clays: Challenges and possibilities for planetary missions

Spectroscopic Analysis of Ca-Carbonates from Utah Crystal Geyser to Support Carbonate Detection within our Solar System

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