Multistage vector (MSV) therapeutics

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges in the field of medicine is obtaining controlled distribution of systemically administered therapeutic agents within the body. Indeed, biological barriers such as physical compartmentalization, pressure gradients, and excretion pathways adversely affect localized delivery of drugs to pathological tissue. The diverse nature of these barriers requires the use of multifunctional drug delivery vehicles that can overcome a wide range of sequential obstacles. In this review, we explore the role of multifunctionality in nanomedicine by primarily focusing on multistage vectors (MSVs). The MSV is an example of a promising therapeutic platform that incorporates several components, including a microparticle, nanoparticles, and small molecules. In particular, these components are activated in a sequential manner in order to successively address transport barriers.

The Emerging Role of Nanotechnology in Cell and Organ Transplantation

“…Recently, multistage nanovectors (i.e. disk-shaped porous silicon [33–35]) were developed to strategically overcome the body’s biological barriers through unique size and shape tailoring (Figure 1). Researchers demonstrated that the degradation rates increase significantly as pore size increases [36].…”

Cell source determines the immunological impact of biomimetic nanoparticles

“…In particular, our group previously demonstrated cellular membranes of circulating leukocytes could be easily isolated and transferred onto the surface of synthetic nanocarriers while maintaining key biological functions. These carriers, referred to as Leukolike Vectors (LLV) [4], are composed of a loadable [5], biodegradable [6, 7], and biocompatible [8, 9] multistage nanovector (MSV) [10–13] core with a proteolipid outer shell purified from leukocyte cell membrane (CM). This outer layer was shown to retain membrane proteins [14] that are critical for increased adhesion towards inflamed endothelium [15] while also providing prolonged circulation time [16].…”

Multistage vector delivery of sulindac and silymarin for prevention of colon cancer

“…Indeed, numerous nanoparticles have been designed for medical applications, and several have received clinical approval [9,10]. Here, we have used a porous silicon-based multistage vector (MSV), rationally designed to deliver therapeutic agents to neoplastic tissue [11,12]. The MSV nanodelivery system was introduced in 2008 as one of the first platforms in which various components can sequentially be released to overcome biological barriers.…”

“…it operates as a delivery system for nanoparticles [12]. This multifaceted approach enables the MSV to address various transport barriers in the body [29], resulting in increased exposure of drugs to pathological tissue.…”

“…This multifaceted approach enables the MSV to address various transport barriers in the body [29], resulting in increased exposure of drugs to pathological tissue. In particular, the micron-sized dimensions and discoidal shape of the MSV is designed to permit maximal margination and cell surface adhesion [12]. These advantages have resulted in improved therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional nanodelivery systems.…”