Multivalued Stability Map of an Injection-Locked Semiconductor Laser

Phase space of tristability in dual injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes

“…The model of a particular slave laser (SL) based on a multi quantum well structure [13],whose bistability has been experimentally confirmed [14],predicts a switching time shorter than 10 ps, as well as sub fJ switching energy, though not simultaneously, but at the expense of one another [15]. Further analysis indicates that the two stable states, obtained by this approach, exhibit different characteristics.…”

“…We focus on the approach that uses unidirectional intermodal, i.e., side-mode injection-locking (IL) in FabryPerot laser diode (FPLD), in which dispersive bistability provides an S-type hysteresis curve [13,14]. The model of a particular slave laser (SL) based on a multi quantum well structure [13],whose bistability has been experimentally confirmed [14],predicts a switching time shorter than 10 ps, as well as sub fJ switching energy, though not simultaneously, but at the expense of one another [15].…”

“…To describe the nonlinear dynamics in the slave laser that occurs upon dual-IL, a system of MREs was used similarly as in [13,14]. In the FR regime, this system consists of the nonlinear differential equations, which describe the rates of change of the carrier concentration n, photon density S j in each supported longitudinal mode j, and the phase difference θ m between FR and IL case for the mode m (i.e., the phase difference between FR slave and master laser), respectively.…”

“…Hence n st (2) is a repulsive stationary point, unlike n st (1) and n st (3) , that act as attractive stationary points and can be stable in terms of the small signal analysis. Detailed stability examination, based on the eigenvalue analysis [13,14], shows that there is a region of injection power and frequency detuning in which n st (1) and n st (3) are both stable, hence these parameters provide bistability (BS).…”

“…P inj is varied from −30 dBm to 15 dBm, where the upper limit is chosen so that the nonlinear gain suppression is not triggered. Considering that intermodal space of the SL is 89.7Ω, and that the positive detuning is of no interest [13,14], we considered detuning from 0Ω to −44Ω (≈ 89.7Ω/2). For each set of parameters we then calculate the number of stationary points that occur in phase plot .Since Δω m and P m inj are of particular interest, we chose a denser discretization of 40 equidistant points for these parameters.…”